Pestle Analysis Of BMW Marketing Essay

Pestle Analysis Of BMW Marketing Essay The company Bayerische Motoren Werke AG was established on 6th March 1916 in Munich, Bavaria, Germany and has been publicly traded since 1969. The English name of this brand is Bavarian Motor Works. Each of the companys products proudly displays the BMW emblem from 1917 and it represents the state colors of Bavaria. The company produces and markets cars and motorcycles and with BMW, the MINI marque, and is the parent company of Rolls- Royce Motor Cars. The group employed over 100 ,000 employees and have marketing subsidiaries present in 17 countries all over the world. Source? According to the official website of BMW Group the total revenue for 2011 is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬68.821 billion, and Net Profit for 2011 is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 4,907 million. PESTLE Analysis. To help make decisions and to help for future events, corporations and organizations need to understand the wider meso economic and macro economic environments in which they operate. According to Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington (2005, p.65 68) the PESTLE Analysis categories environmental influences into six main types: political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental. The same authors go on to understanding how PESTLE factors might affect on and drive change in general is only simple a starting point. Managers need to understand the key drivers of change and also the differential effect of these external influences and drivers on particular industries, markets and individual organizations. Ginter and Duncan (1990) states that macro environmental analysis involves: Scanning macro environments for warning signs and possible environmental changes that will affect the business; Forecasting future directions of environmental changes; Monitoring environments for specific trends and patterns; Assessing current and future trends in terms of the effects such chages would have on the organization. Political Factors The political factor has a vast influence on BMW and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. The worldwide production network of the BMW Group is the backbone for growth in the global market. According to the official website of the company thanks to the close cooperation between all of the plants, manufacturing takes place quickly and flexibly. Also the BMW Group has 17 production forces in six countries as China, Austria, UK, South Africa, etc. According to David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston (1999, p. 108) the goverments have direct control or influence over: Economy policy Most of the cases the governments set policy over the levels of taxation and expenditure in the country. Regulation and legislation this cover laws which have influence on the employment, consumer protection, contract and trading, tax, health and safety at work, monopolies and mergers, etc. The political factors the European Union laws with the carbon emissions, produced by cars, have meant that BMW has had to recheck their cars and engines in order to adhere to European Union laws. Because of this BMW invested in greener technologies as well as providing new technological advances and this has increased BMWs manufacturing costs. In order to promote their greener image BMW company have manufactured the first passenger car running on hydrogen ready for common use. This new greener image is being increased by new technology that is called Efficient Dynamics and is being promoted in UK with integrated campaign that stands behind the words Less emissions and more driving pleasure. UK announced that heavy polluting cars would be taxed at a new higher rate at road tax  £210 a year. Government international policy when government intervention influences exchange rates, international trade, etc. Economic Factors. Like the political factors also play significant role in the business environment and development. According to The General Environment ( p. 90 ) the state of the economy at present and in the future can affect the fortunes an strategy of the firm. In June of 2012 BMW was listed as the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾- 1 most reputable company in the world by www.Forbes.com. One of the best indicators of how valuable a brand is a global annual BrandZ Top 100 survey, conducted by the world market research firm Millward Brown. The value of an automotive brand depends on many factors. According to www.economy.bg BMW Group returns to the top of this years ranking after last that the company was overtaken by Toyota. According to the results of BMWs value increased by 10 % over the past 12 months and an amount of 24, 62 billion dollars, while Toyota fell with 21, 78 billion dollars or this means 10 %. Troubled globalization of the supply of Japanese cars because of the floods and the nuclear accidents in Japan Fokushima and floods in Thailand has caused researchers attributed this change in percentages in the chart. According to www.economy.bg China has the largest market for automobiles in the world and this is due to benefiting luxury brands like Audi, BMW and Mercedes, an increasing demand of Chinese market. 1 . BMW 24 , 62 billion dollars 2 . Toyota 21 , 78 billion dollars 3 . Mercedes 16 , 11 billion dollars 4 . Honda 12 , 65 billion dollars 5 . Nissan 9 , 85 billion dollars 6 . Volkswagen 8 , 52 billion dollars 7 . Ford 7 , 03 billion dollars 8 . Audi 4 , 70 billion dollars 9 . Hyundai 3 , 60 billion dollars 10 . Lexus 3 , 39 billion dollars The table shows Top 10 of the largest car brands in the world for 2012 according to their value. Important environmental factor which has had an influence is the economic climate in which it operates the financial crisis. The economic crisis that has occurred in the last years has effect on consumer purchase behaviour and also consumer ability to gain credit because of the credit crunch. In 2007 BMW lost à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 517 million due to currency fluctuations and increasing raw material prices, this is another factor regarding the economic climate because the dollar has fallen against the Euro. The governments have imposed new road tax and they are dependent on a car emissions. The oil prices have reached 150 dollars a barrel and this is another contributing factor that has affected BMWs sales. The raw materials due to increasing transport cost, went up in price, which increased BMWs own costs and in that way affected profits. On the other hand this made the price for diesel and petrol rise that increased the cost of transportation for road users. Consumers are looking for more fuel efficient vehicles in order to offset the rise in fuel prices and the higher road tax and that has an effect on the larger vehicles. Social Factors. According to David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston (1999, p. 104) every single cultures of each business operates countries can be of particular importance for the socio cultural future of the company or the organization. According to them there are specific cultural differences between all countries. That culture of a given country consists of the values, attitudes and beliefs of its people which will affect the way that they act and behave. Culture its able to affect on consumers tastes and preferences, able to work, attitudes to work and also education and training, attitudes to ethics, attitudes to credit, to the social role of a business in society and etc. For the last years BMW Group specialized into many different markets and countries meaning that they are dealing with different cultures, values, expectations and incomes. In order to be successful in all markets this means that the winning formula in one country is not necessarily work in another and so this sh ould be taken into account. Community relations: Each location of the company in each country is selected and chosen carefully. The company of BMW takes into account the location by its own unique society. The location corresponds to the citizen social level, also to their political and cultural awareness and economic situation. The main goal of the neighborhood activities is it to responsibly integrate the BMW Group into the local level and to achieve mutual rapport and unity. In this context the company is participating in different social institutions through donations, including money and providing free resources. Furthermore, the company protects projects that are implemented in separate communities with social and educational institutions. Also provide a financial support for events like street parades and donating functions. Education and Intercultural Understanding : The BMW Group doing really well and has a chance to develop and support important skills for the outside of the company. The success of the company is it mainly because of the skills and knowledge of its employees. The companies support its expressed in providing access to technical and scientific knowledge and this initiative has for goal also to promote socio cultural skills for work in team and international understanding. The BMW company also focused on projects that teach the younger people topics as mobility and new technologies ,because in nowadays its not a secret that the technology is too developed and hide a really good opportunities for better communication, and understanding between different cultures and countries. Culture: With over 100 events worldwide BMW Group socio cultural commitment it is an essential part of corporate communications from 40 years. Unlimited freedom of creativity is from real importance, this is also as crucial for the art area because its innovation in the business enterprise. BMW Group places the big focus of its cultural commitment on modern and contemporary art. Technological and Environmental factors: According to David Campbell, George Stonehouse, Bill Houston (1999 p. 105 ) analysis of the technological environment involves developing an understanding of the effects of changes in technology on all areas of a business and its activities including production processes, products and services, information and communications, transport and distribution, society, politics and economies. New technology provides to better quality and functionality for the customers and this change affect the products available to consumers and businesses. According to John L. Thompson (1992) the Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. With major climate changing occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for companies to consider. The growing desire to protect the environment has an impact on many industries such as travel and transportation industries ( for example the success of hybrid cars ). In nowadays technology has been a key selling point for car manufacturers and not only, because customers feel the need for safer, more entertaining and cheaper vehicles. BMW Group has had to invest in qualified technologies in order to maintain their competitive advantage in such a fast changing industry like this. The last technological advances of BMW Group they showcased by Formula 1 car, which has the very newest technology concerning engines, safety and performance skills. The BMW Groups long term energy strategy its innovations for improved fuel economy. ( official website of BMW Group ) In the period from 1995 to the end of 2008 the BMW was able to reduce CO2 emissions of their vehicles sold in Europe with almost 27 %. The future technological achievements of BMW include: Brake energy regeneration Auto Start Stop function and gear shift indicator Fuel economy through ancillary component management BMWs hybrid models: the BMW Active Hybrid X6 and the BMW Active hybrid 7. Demand controlled cold air intake. New wind tunnel technology for innovative aerodynamics. Hydrogen 7 first series developed hydrogen vehicle with a hydrogen combustion engine Emission free driving fun the MINI E. Legal Factors There are few reasons that are very important for legal force in business environment. There are many reasons for companies produce law quality products: lying with the price and not actual advertising, trying to take attention and dont interest of customer satisfaction, interest only in making profit. BMW Group is interested to protect the customers and the society at all of unfair advertising and business behavior and activities. Also the company it has a big role in wealth activities, helping to not so developed countries to cover with wealth problems and try to develop their knowledge. The Group operates in countries where the HIV/Aids pandemic represents a serious threat for the society and the local population, and therefore also for the members of the employees of the company. The BMW Group s most comprehensive public commitment to fighting HIV/Aids is being applied in South Africa, where in some areas 20 % or more of the people population is infected with HIV.

Buddhism in Sculpture Essay -- essays research papers

Image that is recognized all around the world, name that does not take time remembering when that image is seen, a half naked man sitting in a meditative pose - some god, as seen by most people, Buddha is a messenger of internal peace that has as much of a story behind him as Jesus or Allah. Religions iconography and gods represented in sculptures always have a great deal of symbolism involved in them. Nothing ordinary person would look into these days until the topic is confronted unavoidably through a class or a show in a museum, which I was lucky enough to take a part of recently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every Buddhist statue tells a story of its own. Educated person can say where the statue comes from and which time period it comes from just by looking at certain features, which proves the unique developments in eastern art, art that is so similar and different at the same time. Statues originating from same countries a lot of times are made of the same materials and are decorated in ways that trace throughout the region. For example there are three major features that characterize the Luang Prabang Buddha in comparison to those of the neighboring countries. The usanisa (cranial protuberance) is always embellished with a stylized flame; the earlobe unusually long is shaped like a snail shell; and the urna or divine frontal sign is never represented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is something unique about the statuary representations of Buddha that sets Buddh...

Psychology Notes

Notes Definition of psychology: Psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes Science: approach to knowledge based on systematic observation Behavior: directly observable and measurable human actions Mental processes: private psychological activities that include thinking, perceiving, and feeling Theories: tentative explanation of facts and relationship in sciences 4 goals of psychology: 1 . Describe: the information gathered through specific research helps psychologists describe psychological phenomena more accurately and completely. Predict: psychologists are able to predict future behavior. 3. Understand: behavior and mental processes when we can explain why they happen. 4. Influence: psychologists hope to go beyond description, understanding, and prediction to Influence behavior in beneficial ways. Introspection: the process of looking inward at one's own consciousness Structuralism: the 19th century school of psychology that sought to determine the structure of the mi nd through controlled introspection.Gestalt psychology: the school of thought based on the belief that human unconsciousness cannot be broken down into Its elements Gestalt: an organized or unified whole Phi phenomenon: the perceptions of apparent movement between two stationary stimuli J. Henry Olsson: is the best known for his studies of the sensations of heat and cold. He discovered that we feel cold when one kind of nerve ending in the skin is stimulated, and we feel warm feel intense heat only when both the warmth and cold receptors in the skin are stimulated at the same time.Functionalism: the 19th century school of psychology that emphasized the useful functions of consciousness Cognition: mental processes of perceiving, beveling, talking, remembering, knowing, deciding, and so on. Cognitive processes, such as perception, memory, and thinking Hermann Banishes: he memorized lists of information and measured his memory for them after different intervals of time.He invented an e ntirely new set of meaningless items for his experiment called nonsense syllables such as KEBAB and MUG. Mary Whiten Calking: was a prominent teacher and researcher who was a leader in research on memory. She developed a method to study memory that differed from Banishes. She also pioneered the scientific study of dreams. Alfred Bines (Psychometrics): the useful functions of conscious mental processes in a very different but very practical direction. He developed a way to measure intelligence.Psychometrics: the perspective in psychology founded by Bines that focuses on the measurement of mental functions Behaviorism: the school of psychology that emphasizes the process of learning and the measurement of overt behavior Social learning theory: the viewpoint that the most important aspects of our behavior re learned from other persons in society?family, friends, and culture Unconscious mind: all mental activity of which we are unaware Motives: internal states or conditions that activat e behavior and give it direction Psychoanalysis: the technique of helping persons with emotional problems based on Sigmund Fraud's theory of the unconscious mind Humanistic psychology: the psychological view that human beings possess an innate tendency to improve and determine their lives by the decisions they make Neuroscience perspective: the viewpoint in psychology that focuses on the nervous yester in explaining behavior and mental processes Coloratura perspective: the theory of psychology that states that it is necessary to understand one's culture, ethnic identity, and other coloratura factors to fully understand a person Culture: the patterns of behavior, beliefs, and values shared by a group of people ancestors Ethnic identity: each person's sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group Gender identity: one's view of oneself as male of female Cultural relativity: the perspective that promotes thinking of different cultures in elate terms rather than Judgmental terms Colora tura factors in the history of psychology: Laurel Promote and Elizabeth Scarborough, Leonard Crasser, and Ellen Kismet have helped change our view of the role of women in the history of psychology by reminding us of some key facts. In the early days of psychology, it was extremely difficult of the most qualified women to obtain admission to graduate programs, when they receive training; they were rarely offered teaching position at the male- dominated institutions that they had the best equipped laboratories. Basic Areas of Modern Psychology: 1 .Biological psychology: study the ways in which the nervous system and other organs provide the basis for behavior. 2. Sensation and perception: how the sense organs operate and how we interpret incoming sensory information in the process of perception 3. Learning and memory: the ways in which we learn and remember new information, new skills, new habits, and new ways of relating to other people are studied in this problem solving 4. Cognitio n: with intelligent action: thinking, receiving, planning, imagining, creating, dreaming, speaking, listening, and problem solving 5. Developmental psychology: with changes that take place in people during their life span, as they grow from birth to old age 6.Motivation and emotion: the needs and states that activate and guide behaviors, such as hunger, thirst, sex, the need of achievement, the need to have relationships with others. The nature of the feelings and moods that color human experience is also a topic of this specialty 7. Personality: focuses on the more or less consistent ways of behaving that heartier our personalities 8. Social psychology: the influence of other people on our behavior: the behavior of people in groups, mobs, or organizations; interpersonal attraction and intimate relationships; and attitudes and prejudice toward others 9. Coloratura psychology: focus on ethnic and cultural factors, gender identity, sexual orientation, and related issues. Applied Areas of Modern Psychology: 1 .Clinical psychology: try to understand and treat emotional problems and correct abnormal behavior 2. Counseling psychology: help people with personal or school robbers and with career choices 3. Industrial and organizational psychology: focuses on ways to match employees to Jobs, to train and motivate workers, and to promote Job satisfaction and good relationships among workers 4. Educational and school psychology: is concerned with the ways children learn in the classroom and focus on the ways in which pressures, conflicts, hardships, and other factors contribute to poor health. To prevent health problems such as heart disease by teaching people to relax, exercise, control their diets, and stop high risk behaviors, such as smoking. Psychology Notes Notes Definition of psychology: Psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes Science: approach to knowledge based on systematic observation Behavior: directly observable and measurable human actions Mental processes: private psychological activities that include thinking, perceiving, and feeling Theories: tentative explanation of facts and relationship in sciences 4 goals of psychology: 1 . Describe: the information gathered through specific research helps psychologists describe psychological phenomena more accurately and completely. Predict: psychologists are able to predict future behavior. 3. Understand: behavior and mental processes when we can explain why they happen. 4. Influence: psychologists hope to go beyond description, understanding, and prediction to Influence behavior in beneficial ways. Introspection: the process of looking inward at one's own consciousness Structuralism: the 19th century school of psychology that sought to determine the structure of the mi nd through controlled introspection.Gestalt psychology: the school of thought based on the belief that human unconsciousness cannot be broken down into Its elements Gestalt: an organized or unified whole Phi phenomenon: the perceptions of apparent movement between two stationary stimuli J. Henry Olsson: is the best known for his studies of the sensations of heat and cold. He discovered that we feel cold when one kind of nerve ending in the skin is stimulated, and we feel warm feel intense heat only when both the warmth and cold receptors in the skin are stimulated at the same time.Functionalism: the 19th century school of psychology that emphasized the useful functions of consciousness Cognition: mental processes of perceiving, beveling, talking, remembering, knowing, deciding, and so on. Cognitive processes, such as perception, memory, and thinking Hermann Banishes: he memorized lists of information and measured his memory for them after different intervals of time.He invented an e ntirely new set of meaningless items for his experiment called nonsense syllables such as KEBAB and MUG. Mary Whiten Calking: was a prominent teacher and researcher who was a leader in research on memory. She developed a method to study memory that differed from Banishes. She also pioneered the scientific study of dreams. Alfred Bines (Psychometrics): the useful functions of conscious mental processes in a very different but very practical direction. He developed a way to measure intelligence.Psychometrics: the perspective in psychology founded by Bines that focuses on the measurement of mental functions Behaviorism: the school of psychology that emphasizes the process of learning and the measurement of overt behavior Social learning theory: the viewpoint that the most important aspects of our behavior re learned from other persons in society?family, friends, and culture Unconscious mind: all mental activity of which we are unaware Motives: internal states or conditions that activat e behavior and give it direction Psychoanalysis: the technique of helping persons with emotional problems based on Sigmund Fraud's theory of the unconscious mind Humanistic psychology: the psychological view that human beings possess an innate tendency to improve and determine their lives by the decisions they make Neuroscience perspective: the viewpoint in psychology that focuses on the nervous yester in explaining behavior and mental processes Coloratura perspective: the theory of psychology that states that it is necessary to understand one's culture, ethnic identity, and other coloratura factors to fully understand a person Culture: the patterns of behavior, beliefs, and values shared by a group of people ancestors Ethnic identity: each person's sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group Gender identity: one's view of oneself as male of female Cultural relativity: the perspective that promotes thinking of different cultures in elate terms rather than Judgmental terms Colora tura factors in the history of psychology: Laurel Promote and Elizabeth Scarborough, Leonard Crasser, and Ellen Kismet have helped change our view of the role of women in the history of psychology by reminding us of some key facts. In the early days of psychology, it was extremely difficult of the most qualified women to obtain admission to graduate programs, when they receive training; they were rarely offered teaching position at the male- dominated institutions that they had the best equipped laboratories. Basic Areas of Modern Psychology: 1 .Biological psychology: study the ways in which the nervous system and other organs provide the basis for behavior. 2. Sensation and perception: how the sense organs operate and how we interpret incoming sensory information in the process of perception 3. Learning and memory: the ways in which we learn and remember new information, new skills, new habits, and new ways of relating to other people are studied in this problem solving 4. Cognitio n: with intelligent action: thinking, receiving, planning, imagining, creating, dreaming, speaking, listening, and problem solving 5. Developmental psychology: with changes that take place in people during their life span, as they grow from birth to old age 6.Motivation and emotion: the needs and states that activate and guide behaviors, such as hunger, thirst, sex, the need of achievement, the need to have relationships with others. The nature of the feelings and moods that color human experience is also a topic of this specialty 7. Personality: focuses on the more or less consistent ways of behaving that heartier our personalities 8. Social psychology: the influence of other people on our behavior: the behavior of people in groups, mobs, or organizations; interpersonal attraction and intimate relationships; and attitudes and prejudice toward others 9. Coloratura psychology: focus on ethnic and cultural factors, gender identity, sexual orientation, and related issues. Applied Areas of Modern Psychology: 1 .Clinical psychology: try to understand and treat emotional problems and correct abnormal behavior 2. Counseling psychology: help people with personal or school robbers and with career choices 3. Industrial and organizational psychology: focuses on ways to match employees to Jobs, to train and motivate workers, and to promote Job satisfaction and good relationships among workers 4. Educational and school psychology: is concerned with the ways children learn in the classroom and focus on the ways in which pressures, conflicts, hardships, and other factors contribute to poor health. To prevent health problems such as heart disease by teaching people to relax, exercise, control their diets, and stop high risk behaviors, such as smoking.

Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group The WritePass Journal

Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group Introduction Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group ). Threats As aforementioned, the organisation heavily relies on funding from the local government. In case of a regime change, the changes that might take place in budgetary allocations may bring about a threat of reduction or termination of funding (Teece, 2010). A diminishing quality of service, especially during periods of insufficient funding, threatens the good reputation of the organisation (Ordanini et al., 2011). This not only repels patients from seeking its services, but also increases scepticism among investors and well wishers who fund its operations. Employees may also resign citing poor remuneration, exposing the organisation to competition from other enterprises offering the same services. Conclusion A periodic appraisal or evaluation of internal and external business environments of an organisation is ideal for strategic planning. One of the widely used frameworks of analysis whish has been addressed in this paper is the SWOT analysis technique, which highlights the internal strengths and weaknesses, and the external opportunities and threats. Whereas it has several advantages over other analysis techniques, it also has a few shortcomings, which have been addressed. An example SWOT analysis that has been carried out on Consensus Caring Homes Group in this paper has listed most of the factors that it needs to consider before making a strategic decision regarding its performance. References Cadle, J., Paul, D. Turner. P. ‎(2010). Business Analysis Techniques: 72 Essential Tools for Success. Chippenham: BCS, The Chartered Institute. Carehome.co.uk. (2014). Care Homes Owned by Consensus: Info Members. [Online] Available at: carehome.co.uk/care_search_results.cfm/searchgroup/36151030CARB [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Consensus. (2014)a. Consensus Support Website: What Support do we offer? [Online] Available at: consensussupport.com/ [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Consensus (2014)b. The Consensus Support website: Where are we located? [Online] Available at: consensussupport.com/ [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Gazzola, P. et al. (2011). Enhancing environmental appraisal effectiveness: Towards an understanding of internal context conditions in organisational learning. Planning Theory Practice, 12(2):183-204. Helms, M.M. . Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now?: A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3): 215-51. Lussier, R. (2011). Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. Mason: Cengage Learning. Ordanini, A., Miceli, L., Pizzetti, M. Parasuraman, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers into investors through innovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4):443-70. Rosenberg, L., Kottorp, A. Nygà ¥rd, L. (2012). Readiness for Technology Use With People With Dementia The Perspectives of Significant Others. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 31(4):510-30. Teece, D.J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2):172-94. Warner, A.G. (2010). Strategic Analysis and Choice: A Structured Approach. California: Business Expert Press.

Map Skills Thematic Unit Plan for First Grade

Map Skills Thematic Unit Plan for First Grade The theme of this unit is map skills. The unit is based on this theme and will focus on cardinal directions and a variety of maps. After each activity, you will find how you can assess the students learning. Materials Concept webCardinal directionsStudent JournalPlace-mat of neighborhoodMe on the Map by Joan SweenyClayFranklins Neighborhood by Paulette BourgeoisTown map worksheetArt suppliesSalt mapsTreasure box Objective Throughout this unit, the students will partake in whole group, small group, and individual activities. Each student will participate in varied activities that incorporate language arts, social studies, mathematics, and science. The students will also keep a journal where they will write with creative spelling, draw, and answer questions. Activity One: Introduction to Unit Time: 30 min. As an introduction to this unit, have the whole class participate in filling in a concept web about maps. While the students are filling in the web, show them examples of different kinds of maps. Then introduce them to cardinal directions. Have an N, S, E, and W placed appropriately on the walls of the classroom. To make sure all of the students comprehend correctly have the students stand up and face north, south, and so on. Once they understand, then have students identify an object in the classroom by using a series of directional clues to aid the students to identify a mystery object. Next, divide the students into pairs and have one child guide their partner to an object using the directional clues. For example, take four giant steps east, now take three tiny steps north. (Social Studies/Geography, Body-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal) Assessment - Have students draw where the north, south, east, and west locations are in their journal. Activity Two: Cardinal Directions Time: 25 min. To reinforce cardinal directions, have the students play Simon Says using the terms north, south, east, and west (which is labeled on the classroom walls). Then, hand each student a laminated placemat of a neighborhood. Use cardinal directions to direct the students to find a particular spot on the map. (Social Studies/Geography, Body-Kinesthetic, Intrapersonal) Assessment/Homework: - Have students map out the route they traveled to and from school. Encourage them to look for landmarks and say if they made a right turn and went east or west. Activity Three: Map Key Time: 30-40 min. Read the story Franklins Neighborhood by Paulette Bourgeois. Discuss the places Franklin went to and the map key and symbols on the map. Then hand out a map of a town worksheet where students must circle important landmarks. For example, circle the police station in blue, the fire station in red, and the school in green. Review cardinal directions and have students tell you where specific things are located on the map. (Social Studies/Geography, Mathematics, Literature, Logical-Mathematical, Interpersonal, Visual-Spatial) Assessment - Groups students together and have them share their maps by asking Find ____ on my map. Then have students draw a picture of their favorite place from the book in their journal. Activity Four: Mapping my World Time: 30 min. Read the story Me on the Map by Joan Sweeny. Then give each student a ball of clay. Have students roll one small ball which will represent themselves. Then have them add to that ball, which will represent their bedroom. Have them continue adding clay so each piece will represent something in their world. For example, the first ball represents me, then my room, my home, my neighborhood, my community, my state and finally my world. When the students are finished, have them cut the ball of clay in half so they can see how they are just a small piece in the world. Social Studies/Geography, Art, Literature, Visual-Spatial, Interpersonal) Activity Five: Body Maps Time 30 min. For this activity, the students will make body maps. To get started, divide students into groups of two. Have them take turns tracing one anothers bodies. When they are finished, have each student label their body map with N, S, E, and W. When they have finished labeling, they can color in their bodies and draw their facial features. (Social Studies/Geography, Art, Visual-Spatial, Body-Kinesthetic) Assessment - You will be able to assess students by determining if they labeled their body map correctly. Activity Six: Salt Maps Time:30-40 min. Students will make a salt map of their state. First, have students try to identify their state on the United States map. Next, have students create a salt map of their home state. (Social Studies/Geography, Art, Visual-Spatial, Body-Kinesthetic) Assessment - Place four laminated cards shaped like different states in the learning center. The students job is to choose which shaped card is their state. Culminating Activity: Treasure Hunt Time: 20 min. Have students put their map skills to use! Hide a treasure box somewhere in the classroom. Divide students into small groups and give each group a different treasure map that leads to the hidden box. When all of the groups have arrived at the treasure, open the box and distribute the treasure inside. Social Studies/Geography, Body-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal) Assessment - After the treasure hunt, gather the students together and discuss how each group used their map to get to the treasure.

Human Race Past and Future in Anthropology Essay

Human Race Past and Future in Anthropology - Essay Example Agriculture means man’s interference in animal and plant reproduction as well as the distribution system-reaching peak in ecologically simplified and genetically susceptible monoculture. Dependency on few cultivated and domesticated plants decrease dependability on wild resources. The dependency makes it necessary for the society to maintain food producing economy and transformation of conventional base of society or even change of the physical environment. Change in dependency of cultivated food makes increases impossibility of returning to the gathering economy; thus, village farming communities resulted in cities and eventually countries hence attributes of civilization are firmly established and with uninterrupted material progress (Khatry 20). Therefore, agriculture was never an idea of an individual or group of individuals it developed in various ways in different parts of the world. Some of the consequences are far-reaching and similar to all people everywhere. The vari ous consequences of food production include increased carrying capacity of land, growth of sedentary society, transformation of social structure, specialization in craft and rise of civilization. Thus, whatever is visible in the modern civilization is a product of man’s shift to agriculture; moreover, not all consequences are favorable to human society. Agriculture brought a lot of pressure, chain of problems and deficiencies for man to handle particularly when the production of food moved beyond the incipient level. The significant consequences resulting from food production include increase of numbers and density of human population, the rise of political organization, conflicts and exchange, human health and biology and impact on physical environment (Haviland 300). The shift to food production though not a planned event, it has not been able to handle some of the problems it creates. While gatherers still live above starvation with less effort to procure food, agriculture struggles to feed the population despite utilization of technology. Agriculture cause damage to natural vegetation since it kills plants by use of biochemical elements. Therefore, civilization together with technology, state government increased problems in man’s life. Since narrowing of food resources to few plants and animals man’s healthy condition deteriorated (Khatry 22-23). Q2 The future of human race has been a point of concern to writers for centuries with some arguing the human race is destined to evolve into super-beings, while other writers argue that human beings are changing into goblins incapable of nothing more demanding. Nevertheless, leading geneticists believe that these observations are wrong since human evolution has halted. According to Jones, a professor at University College London believes that the forces driving evolution like natural selection and gene

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-- i will send it as file -- - Essay Example Cultural practices play a crucial role in differentiating given groups of people. Evidently, social structures of a given community greatly depend on the type of culture put into practice by that given community or society to a larger extent. Additionally, different communities cultivate their cultural symbols and values. Cases of communities practicing other communities’ cultural practices keep on surfacing. The underlying reason for the inter-cultural practices is due to the intermarriages and several other interactions. Cultural practices form a basis of each and every community around the world. Different ethnic groups encompass of different ethnic cultures that guide the structural survival of that given society or ethnic group through the years. Many ethnic groups identify those people outside their community as cultural practitioners but only under certain set circumstances. In this content, circumcision among the male child tends to be the cultural practice of choice. In as much as many ethnic groups around the world practice circumcision, various groups perform the practice to meet different goals. Circumcision is essential in ensuring that a given individual moves from one stage of growth to the other. Moreover, once a person undergoes circumcision rights, the person is considered an adult, ready to handle any challenges that arise in the world. The practice remains as one of the most ancient cultural practice in the community. People in the society view circumcision as one of the most crucial cultural practices in the ethnic group. According to the community, circumcision instills discipline into the youth and makes them act in a more mature way compared to when they had not undergone the cut. A circumcised member of the community should be able to handle any challenges or risks and uncertainty arising in the world. Members of the community additionally, view circumcision as one of those cultural