House of Spirits Essays -- essays research papers

In her famous The House of the Spirits, Isabel Allende documents the life of several characters during the Chilean reality in the 1930s. Her notorious feminist political orientation is, at times, extremely obvious. Elements such as the clash of social classes and the social, political and economical conditions of Chile during this period of high turmoil are also tumefy portrayed. Isabel Allende achieves to give us a good image of what life in Chile was like during those years. Some particular characters specially exemplify all of these elements real clearly.Allendes character Esteban Trueba has a very intricate life. Through his triumphs and defeats and through the different places of this novel, Allende portrays several elements that clearly exemplify historical, political and economic events in Chile. Estebans life is that of the low class in Chile. He usually longs for ply and money to make good things happen. After leaving, his mother and sister, and starting a impudent an d independent life, Estebans ideology changes dramatically. For the first time he directly experiments success and wealth. He feels as if he has no problems, mainly because he does not have a family to weigh him down. Truebas move to Three Marias seems to appease his hunger temporarily, before his monstrous, demanding, and ever growing needs overwhelms him. The type of lifestyle achieved by Esteban Trueba in Three Marias far surpassed that of living with his mother and sister, however only brief moments of satisfaction are incurred. These, previously mentioned, moments created a hunger for perfection and greed that would slip by perpetuate at any cost. Only when Trueba receives a letter from Ferula does he remember his life with her and his mother, which suck ups him to endure his memories of poverty and pain. He even remembers the smell of medicine, which had encompassed their home. These memories force Esteban to reflect on the reasons and ideas that made him leave his origins. He reminisces on that portion of his life, occupied by the deterioration of his family. Estebans case represents that of the oppressed, poor class that is unceasingly struggling to survive. This struggle for survival becomes so pressing that they start thinking how, if they got the chance, could make things better. They usually fight a lot, but finally, when they reach the position of helping, power becomes their obsession... ...rayal of Nivea and her funeral is in direct contrast with that of Nana and Ferula. Nana is said to have "...been born to cradle other peoples children, wear their hand-me-down clothing, eat their left overs, live on borrowed cheer and grief, grow old beneath other peoples roofs die one day in her miserable little room in the far courtyard in a bed that did not belong to her, and be buried in a common grave in a public cemetery."(P 57) The fact that " no(prenominal) of the many children she had raised with so much love attended her funeral.&quo t(P 178) Allende reflects sadly on the women who meekly accept their defined role in society of the time. Ferula is portrayed similarly. Ferula "...had sacrificed her life to care for the mother, and that she had become a spinster for that reason. Ferula had turned down two suitors on the pretext of her mothers illness"(P 178) When Esteban forces her to leave she is not seen in soulfulness until her death when she is found "Festooned like an Austrian queen..." "She was magnificent in her queenly desolation, and on her face was an expression of sweetness and serenity she never had in her wicked life."

Ecocriticism and Frankenstein Essay -- Literacy Analysis

Given the deep ties to nature that Mary Shelley explores within Frankenstein, the principles and methodology of ecocriticism can be applied in many different ways. The interaction of humanity and nature is a concept explored throughout the novel, relating directly to a core tenet of ecocriticism, directly relating who we are as human beings to the environment (Bressler 231). Being as there is no single, dominant methodology (235) within ecocriticism, the extent to which we can use ecocriticism to interact with Frankenstein contains considerable depth. However, I will look to a few main methodologies of ecocriticism to look at Frankenstein in detail to uncover how the novel deals with the changing attitudes of humanity and nature in early(a) 19th century England. Beginning with first wave ecocriticism, the focus on 19th century literature positions Frankenstein right in the radar of the early period of American nature writing as well as British writers dealing with humanity and natur e as an effect of Romanticism, such as William Wordsworth, John Keats, Samuel Taylor Coleridge among others. Mary Shelley directly quotes Wordsworth and Coleridge through the voice of what could be considered the most human of the main characters within Frankenstein, Victor. While lamenting over the loss of his mate Clerval, Victor refers to a passage from Wordsworths Tintern Abbey to express the high value he holds for his departed friend, highlighting important interactions between human interests and nature. Many of the images of beauty uttered through Wordsworths lines shows the appreciation for nature and its importance over human concerns, and an examination of the deep connections between humanity and nature that ideally should b... ... may result in the imbalance of that which sustains us and our subsequent destruction. While Victor can control nature and bend it to his will in unnatural ways, once confronted with the natural elements, none of his science and ingenuity can save him. Throughout the novel Victor goes to nature for solace, expecting nonhing but return, and expects the same throughout the novel, right to his own demise. This lesson is not only applicable to when Frankenstein was written, at an explosively progressive period during the Industrial Revolution, but also to all generations and their relationship with human progression and nature preservation. flora CitedBressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 5th ed. New York Longman, 2011. Print.Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Ed. Paul Hunter. 2nd ed. New York Norton, 2011. Print.

Social Media and its Influence on our Youth Essay -- Twitter, Facebook,

The correlation between the development of youth and neighborly media has function blatant. Although few of the consequences are favorable, the majority have displayed a negative impact. The drive social media can implement on youth is exceptional. The pressure and strain social media can place on our youth is an enduring force which leads individuals to question themselves as a person and feel inclined to fit a average expressed in media and social media of our society. The underlying force social media can play in the lives of the youth is astonishing and is a force that must be dealt with and controlled, for it not only holds the power to give an individual strength, but also to break them down.Social media is described as content created and shared by individuals on the web using freely available websites that allow users to create and post their own images, video and text information and then share that with either the total internet or just a select group of friends (Affilora ma, 2012). They are more like a website allowing you to express your daily activities, beliefs, locations, likes, dislikes, photos, music, etc. They are utilise by creating a profile, and logging in through either the website, or apps now used on smartphones, or any portable device with Wi-Fi connection. Although approximately social media networks are directed towards adults and young adults, young children are getting into these websites as well. There are usually age limits but there isnt a certainty that all the users provided their actual age, allowing whoever wants to be a member of these sites to bypass an age limit security procedure. Facebook and MySpace require users to be at least 13, but they have no practical way to verify ages, and many young users prete... ...he Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families. Retrieved may 14, 2012, from Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics http//pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/4/800.fu llRon, C. (2010). What is the purpose of LinkedIn and how can it help expand business? Retrieved May 15, 2012, from LinkedIn http//www.linkedin.com/answers/marketing-sales/sales/lead-generation/MAR_SLS_LGN/764379-73067709Thomas, T. (2012). 30 Statistics about Teens and Social Networking. Retrieved May 13, 2012, from Top Ten Reviews http//facebook-parental-controls-review.toptenreviews.com/30-statistics-about-teens-and-social-networking.htmlWikipedia.org (2012). Facebook. Retrieved May 11, 2012, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FacebookWikipedia.org (2012). Twitter. Retrieved 05 11, 2012, from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter

The Invasion of Normandy :: World War II History

The Invasion of NormandyThe battle plan, code-named Operation Overlord, called for the largest amphibious assault ever to array the spillage of occupied Europe from Nazi Germany. It began in the early morning hours of June 6, 1944, now known as D-Day. Thousands of American, British, Canadian, and French soldiers-backed by paratroopers, bombers, and warships-stormed a 50-mile stretch of French margin called Normandy. This invasion of Normandy was the greatest event to occur between the years of 1919 and 1945. D-day was the beginning of the end of the war. The invasion of Normandy allowed the Allied gets to get their soldiers back on the European mainland and to start defeating German opposition and Nazi tyranny. It was the major turning point of World War II and perhaps one of the greatest strategic military operations that ever executed.As the tide of World War II began to turn in favor of the Allies, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower had the task of forming the largest invasion fleet in history, in order for an amphibious landing on the northern coast of France to be effective. If it was executed as planned and labeled a success, the landing would be the first point for the massive attack. The attack would move eastward through France and into Nazi Germany.In May, while millions of troops and equipment poured into the staging area of southern Britain, the Allies created a decoy. False radio transmissions and rows of inflated rubber tanks and landing craft located away from the true staging area kept the Germans confused about the operations coat and target.The invasion of northern France from England was not launched in May, as its planners had initially prescribed, but on June 6, the famous D-Day of World War II. A huge fighting force had been assembled, including 1,200 fighting ships, 10,000 planes, 4,126 landing craft, 804 transport ships, and hundreds of amphibious and other special purpose tanks. During the operation, 156,000 troops, of which 73,000 were American, were landed in Normandy, airborne and seaborne.As the day of the invasion approached, the weather in the English Channel became stormy. Heavy winds, a five-foot swell at sea, and lowering skies compelled Eisenhower to postpone the assault from the fifth to the sixth of June. Conditions remained poor, but when weathermen predicted that the winds would abate and the cloud sweep up rise enough on the scheduled day of the attack to permit a go-ahead, Eisenhower reluctantly gave the command.

Robbery of Freedom: The Ultimate Injustice :: history

Robbery of Freedom The Ultimate In middlingiceWRONGFULLY CONVICTED AND IMPRISONED IN ALABAMA My story is told to you as honestly and as accurately as can be. Over the years, I have felt like Ive had to defend something, but I have realized that, as bizarre as it is, just tell the truth and let that be it I was released in April 10,2001, and my quest for justice has only gained momentum. I am the victim of small town governance where the locals have met very little resistance in doing things their own way, regardless of the law. In fact, I am the first one who has ever been known to challenge that state court of Bullock County, Alabama (City of Union Springs) for their misconduct and gross miscarriage of justice. I feel that I must preface my story with events that direct up to the conspired, bogus lie, and malicious accusation against me. My accuser, John Will Waters, whom I was never allowed to face in court, is a king pin drug lord. He operates out of that small town, but reache s as far as Colombia, South America. My parents grew up in that same town. Waters was from a long line of moonshiners and crooks. He is very liberal and seems to think money will do anything. He and my parents have always been on the opposite side of issues, i.e., they opposed the building of a state prison there, Waters was for it. They are Republicans, hes a Democrat. My father started, owned and operated a tire championship there for 45 years. During the latter years, he depended rigorously on out of town business, because the locals prevented county vehicles, school vehicles, and any other county business to be done there. Nevertheless, the business did very well. In 1993, my father had double knee joint replacement surgery. The business fell behind a few standments on a mortgage loan from a local bank. My father had done business with that bank since 1951. After very few months, the bank began foreclosure proceedings. My father immediately sold a large inventory of tires, ra ised $10,000. He offered the bank the $10,000 to pay the arrearage plus a few payments in advance to show good faith. Every possible attempt was made to satisfy the bank, but everything was turned down in the mouth except the $50,000 required to pay the loan off in full.

Robbery of Freedom: The Ultimate Injustice :: history

Robbery of Freedom The Ultimate In rightnessWRONGFULLY CONVICTED AND imprison IN ALABAMA My story is told to you as honestly and as accurately as can be. Over the years, I take up felt like Ive had to defend something, only when I have realized that, as bizarre as it is, just tell the truth and let that be it I was released in April 10,2001, and my quest for justice has only gained momentum. I am the victim of small town politics where the locals have met very little resistance in doing things their own way, regardless of the law. In fact, I am the first one who has ever been known to challenge that state court of Bullock County, Alabama (City of Union Springs) for their misconduct and gross abortion of justice. I feel that I must preface my story with events that led up to the conspired, bogus lie, and malicious accusation against me. My accuser, John Will Waters, whom I was neer allowed to face in court, is a king pin drug lord. He operates out of that small town, but reaches as far as Colombia, South America. My parents grew up in that same town. Waters was from a long line of moonshiners and crooks. He is very liberal and seems to think money will do anything. He and my parents have always been on the opposite side of issues, i.e., they opposed the building of a state prison there, Waters was for it. They are Republicans, hes a Democrat. My father started, owned and operated a tire business there for 45 years. During the latter years, he depended strictly on out of town business, because the locals prevented county vehicles, school vehicles, and any other county business to be done there. Nevertheless, the business did very well. In 1993, my father had double knee replacement surgery. The business fell behind a few payments on a mortgage loan from a local bank. My father had done business with that bank since 1951. After very few months, the bank began foreclosure proceedings. My father immediately change a large inventory of tires, raised $10,000. He offered the bank the $10,000 to pay the arrearage plus a few payments in advance to show good faith. each possible attempt was made to satisfy the bank, but everything was turned down except the $50,000 required to pay the loan off in full.

WWII Research Paper

WWII Research Paper Oskar Shindler During a very dark duration in history, during area War II, Oskar Schindler saved the lives of thousands of Jews by employing them in his factories, he had little to gain and everything to lose by saving these Jews but he was a courageous respective(prenominal) who did the right thing when others wouldnt. Oskar Schindler was and opportunist and a businessman. He was one of many who sought to make a profit from the German invasion of Poland. He gained possession of an enamel state of ware factory and he employed around 1,000 Jews, At first he was only otivated by money, Jewish labor was extremely cheap, but it later dour into him helping and shielding his workers without regards of the cost. Oskar would claim to SS officers that unskilled workers were essential to his factory even though they were not.Under his employment his workers were treated with somewhat respect and were never beaten, let unsocial killed. The special status of his factory also became a big factor in his efforts to help save his workers from the work and death camps. When his workers were hreatened with deportation to these camps, he would obviously claim exemptions for them, stating that even women, children and handicapped persons were necessary for his workforce. Schindlers Jewish workers werent just things to him, they were human beingnesss and he used all his skills to help protect them. He called them his Schindlerjuden, (Schindlers Jews) and he often got them out of very difficult situations. After he witnessed the 1942 raid on the Krakow Ghetto, where he was appalled to see many of hisJewish workers being murdered, he began to work increasingly hard to help protect his workers. One-account states that two Gestapo men came to Schindler demanding he give up a family who he had forged mention papers for. After three hours, some drinking and his charm the two Gestapo men left without the family or the incriminating documents. Schindler is also said to have export Jewish children out of the ghettos by giving them to polish nuns who would hide them. Schindler talked the commander of the Plaszow amp, Amon Goth, into making his factory a sub camp of Plazow and having a few ascorbic acid Jews work there. In this way the workers would be relatively safer from the German guards. Schindlers mastery of persuasion and charm saved many Jews lives.In the beginning it was only active making money and becoming rich for Schindler, but it became something much more to him and in the supplant he died a penny- less hero. Oskcar would constantly buy supplies and particular food off the black market for his workers. He was caught numerous times, but each time he paid off SS officials and as never punished. Towards the end of the war, with Russia drawing nearer, he bribed and convinced SS officials to let him move his work force of over a thousand Jews to another factory. Thus he saved their lives from sealed death in the extermination camps which were working on the double to eliminate Jews before Russia was upon them. In the new factory Schindler was supposed to be producing weapons and ammunition for the war effort. In the eight months of operation there the barley produced anything.Schindler made now money and his once fortune grew smaller and smaller as he bought supplies for his workers and bribed officials. In the end though it wasnt about money for Oskar Schindler, it was about helping out his fellow human beings thorough one of the most horrific time periods in history. To him it was about preserving human life and doing the right thing.Bibliography 1)Oskar Schindler. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2004. 10 whitethorn 2009 . 2)Oskar Schindler, rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust. . 10 May 2009 . 3)Oskar Schindler. . 2005. 10 May 2009 .

Volumetric Analysis: Lab Report

Floyd Askew 3/19/13 CHEM 1211L Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this laboratory is to use volumetric analysis to determine the soaking up of unknown substances. A sodium hydroxide beginning is standardized to assist in finding the concentration of an acetic acidulated. An indicator must be use to pin vizor the equivalence point, the point in which 1 counterspye of a substance is twin to 1 mole of another. When that is found, we can determine the concentration. HC2H3O2 (aq) + NaOH (aq) H2O (l) + NaC2H3O2 (aq) The above equation is used to neutralize the acetic acid.The acid reacts with a base to produce urine and a salt. Because theres a 11 ratio, the moles of the acid must equal the moles of the base in order to reach the equivalence point. As far as the indicators go, an acid-base indicator will be used to show when we are close to the end point. For example, when HIn is dissociated In is produced and it is pink. (See equation below) HIn + H2O H3O + +In action stan dardization of NaOH Solution 1. A known descend of KHP is transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask and an accurately measured amount of water is added to make up a ancestor. . NaOH solution is carefully added to the KHP solution from a buret until we reach the equivalence point. At the equivalence point, all the KHP present has been neutralized by the added NaOH and the solution is motionlessness colorless. However, if we add in force(p) one more drop of NaOH solution from the buret, the solution will immediately turn pink because the solution is now basic. Titration of an unknown 1. A measured amount of an acid of unknown concentration is added to a flask using a buret. An appropriate indicator such as phenolphthalein is added to the solution. The indicator will indicate, by a color change, when the acid and base has been neutralized). 2. Base (standard solution) is slowly added to the acid. 3. The process is continued until the indicator shows that neutralization has occurred. This is called the END POINT. The end point is usually signaled by a sharp change in the color of the indicator in the acid solution. In acid-base titrations, indicators are substances that have distinct different colors in acid and base (Phenolphthalein pink in base, colorless in acid). 4. At the equivalence point, both acid and base have been completely neutralized and the solution is still colorless.However, if we add just one more drop of NaOH solution from the buret, the solution will immediately turn pink because the solution is now basic. This slight nimiety of NaOH is not much beyond the end point. The volume of the base is recorded and used to determine the molarity of the acetic acid solution. Experimental Data Standardization of NaOH solution Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mass of KHP 0. 297 g 0. 325 g 0. 309 g Initial buret translation, NaOH 0. 00 mL 0. 50 mL 7. 70 mL Final buret reading, NaOH 32. 0 mL 34. 0 mL 38. 7 mL Volume used, NaOH 32. 0 mL 33. mL 31. 0 mL thou of NaOH so lution 0. 0454 M 0. 0475 M 0. 0488 M Average molarity of NaOH 0. 0472 M Titration of unknown Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Initial buret reading, NaOH 2. 70 mL 19. 9 mL 0. 00 mL Final buret reading, NaOH 19. 9 mL 36. 2 mL 19. 8 mL Volume used, NaOH 17. 2 mL 16. 3 mL 19. 8 mL Molarity of acetic acid solution 0. 0780 M 0. 0769 M 0. 0935 M Average molarity of acetic acid solution 0. 0828 M Sample Calculations The following calculations were used for each Trial, but only inputs for Trial 1 will be shown below.Volume = Final buret reading Initial buret reading i. Volume of NaOH = Final buret reading of NaOH Initial buret reading of NaOH ii. Volume of NaOH = 32. 0 mL NaOH 0. 00 mL NaOH iii. Volume of NaOH = 32. 0 mL Molarity = Moles/Liters i. Molarity of NaOH solution = ( sens of KHP/molar mass of KHP) / Volume of NaOH ii. Molarity of NaOH solution = (0. 2966 g/204. 22 g)/0. 032 L iii. Molarity of NaOH solution = 0. 0454 M Molarity of acetic acid = (Molarity NaOH * Volume NaOH) / Volume ace tic Acid i. Molarity of acetic acid = (0. 0472 M * 0. 0172 L)/ 0. 1 L ii. Molarity of acetic acid = 0. 0780 M Percent mistake = Experimenal value-Accepted valueAccepted value*100 i. Percent Error of Molarity of NaOH = 0. 0472 M-0. 05 M0. 05 M*100 ii. Percent Error of Molarity of NaOH = 5. 6% i. Percent Error of Molarity of acetic acid = 0. 078 M-0. 080 M0. 080 M*100 ii. Percent Error of Molaarity of acetic acid = 2. 5% Discussion The results obtained from the experiment proved to the principle that using the indictor we can find the end point, which is very close to the equivalence point of an acidic solution.Then using that point we were able to calculate the unknown molarity which was one of the goals of the experiment. The calculations also verify Boyles Theory. When we calculated the molarity of the acetic solution, an sightly value of 0. 078 M was obtained. The true value of the molarity of the acetic acid solution was 0. 08 M. Although it isnt right on, it is very close to t he true value which leads me into discussing the percent error. We found the percent error of the molarity of NaOH to be 5. 6%, and the percent error of the molarity of acetic acid to be 2. 5%, which are both pretty small.The error may have occurred when adding NaOH solution. Occasionally slightly more pressure was put on tilts of the piece on the buret to allow the solution to flow through. This means that more of the solution may have been used than needed. Overall, experiment agrees with the formulated hypothesis. Pre-Lab and Post Lab Questions Pre-Lab 1. Molarity of NaOH solution = (mass of KHP/molar mass of KHP) / Volume of NaOH a. Molarity = (0. 2816 g/204. 22 g)/29. 68 mL Molarity = 4. 64*10-5 M 2. Molarity of acetic acid = (Molarity NaOH * Volume NaOH) / Volume Acetic Acid b.Molarity = ((4. 64*10-5 M)*20. 22 mL)/10. 06 mL Molarity = 9. 34*10-5 M Post Lab 1. A. TD B. TD 2. A graduated cylinder with calibration type TD could be used to deliver a certain amount of a liquid int o another container. A graduated cylinder marked TC could be used to contain an accurate volume of a liquid that is to be mixed with another solution, where the experiment is to be done inside of that graduated cylinder. 3. 50g * 1mol /49. 997g = 1 mol 100g * 1mL / 1. 53g = 1L / 15. 3 1mol / (1L / 1. 53) = 1mol* 1. 53 / 1L = 15. 3 mol/L= 15. 3 M

Solutions to the Cape Town electricity cost problem

IntroductionIt is a known fact that the cost of electrical energy is incising at a dramatic graduated table. The metropolis of pall Town Electricity Department anticipates that the m iodintary value of electricity would h emeritus perchance quadrupled ( 415 % ) between 2006/2007-2015/2016 ( city of mantle Town 2014 ) . At the minute electricity is traveling up by an norm of 19 % a twelvemonth ( South Afri evict Tourism, 2014 ) . therefrom salvaging electricity isnt merely a sort act to maintain the universe viridity but instead instigate angiotensin-converting enzyme salvage their backbreaking earned Rands. The money which is being saved can besides be put towards medium and long condition ends in assisting one save electricity. A few simple actions is all it can take to cut down the sum of electricity you use.After roll uping a spider graph, our extended search on current ingestion of 10, The Mills, was legible and easy to see what contraptions contributed the most to our electricity measure. These contraptions were chiefly found within the kitchen ( electric icebox, range and boiler ) as the level consists of 3 people who all cook separately for themselves. The other chief subscriber is the run over.A list of betterments have been written up tenacious in short term which for a pupil would be the imitate and free alterations they can do to their life manner, along with medium and long term alterations that can assist better their electricity ingestion.Short term investing Internet Explorer. The no cost optionAll these options listed below are immediate short term declarations that lead R0 but are simply a simple behavior alteration.Many geysers are set to the temperature of 70 Celsius nevertheless one can turn the temperature of the geyser down to 60 Celsius and still bask a nice alive(p) shower and at the same clip salvage 5 % on your electricity measure ( City of Cape Town, 2014 ) . By cut downing the temperature less energy ( electricity ) is consumed. Turning the geyser polish off during the twenty-four hours when you are non at place besides helps salvage electricity ( Jones, 20124 ) .Using less hot body of water can besides assist cut down electricity ingestion, for illustration taking short showers alternatively of bathing. Fill the boiler with the right sum of H2O needed ( State of California, 2013 ) . This may be seen as a surprise to many but use the dish washer and allow the dishes air dry alternatively of rinsing dishes by manus ( City of Cape Town, 2014 ) . However for this to be effectual the dish washer must be filled to its maximal capacity. Last use cold H2O where possible when do the wash, the lavation gondola uses 90 % of its energy inflameing the H2O, by rinsing your apparels at 30-40C one can salvage 4 % ( uSwitch, 2014 ) .Be a speedy chef and utilize the microwave for cooking alternatively of the range or oven as it uses about two-thirds less energy than the range ( State of California, 2013 ) . However if one must utilize the oven, cook a few repasts to acquire the most out of holding your oven on and if the range must be used, fit the shutout size to the right home base on the range ( Grosvendor, 201225 ) .Filling up the electric refrigerator can besides assist one save electricity for holding the electric refrigerator full keeps the electric refrigerator from warming up excessively fast when the door is opened, leting the electric refrigerator to work less to maintain cool ( uSwitch, 2014 ) .If you are still utilizing the normal incandescent bulbs, exchange the visible radiations off when you leave the room.Switch over the Wi-Fi router off when it is non, hence at dark and when you leave for work in the forenoon.In standby manner contraptions can frequently pull up to 20 % of electricity therefore it is best advised to exchanging contraptions and equipment away at the wall ( City of Cape Town 2014 ) . One can salvage a batch more than(prenominal) electricity by maki ng this instead than go forthing contraption on standby manner which we frequently do. If you are up to re puting linear redstem storksbills and dismaies prevalent so an option is turning off designated stopper switches on the chief switch board. This exit assist you save electricity as no contraptions will be on standby or pulling unneeded energy.Medium term investings ( under R1000 )A good start would be to put in efficient illuming. substitution all the old incandescent bulbs with Compact Fluorescent Lamps ( CFLs ) can assist salvage electricity as they use 75 % less power ( City of Cape Town 2014 ) . LEDs are even more effectual and efficient than CFLs and last 130 times longer ( Jones, 201216 ) . However they are more expensive. There is still the option of turning visible radiations of when you exit the room to assist salvage electricity.Receiving hot H2O consumes 40 % of the electrical measure at the terminal of every month ( The SEO Company, 2014 ) . Within an hr a geyser s temperature will drop 1C and energy is invariably needed to reheat the geysers H2O ( City of Cape Town 2014 ) . On mean the geyser turns on 25-30 times a twenty-four hours to keep its original heat ( The SEO Company, 2014 ) . A mean(a) term investing can be insulating the geyser with a geyser cover along with 3meters of the geysers plumbing pipes. By insulating the geyser heat loss by means of the steel shell is reduced, the hot H2O is kept hotter for longer ( Grosvendor, 201235 ) . This consequences in the geyser non turning on every place often as it would to heat H2O up. By put ining a geyser cover the energy usage can be reduced to about half of its old ingestion.Installing an efficient shower caput can besides assist cut down electricity costs. By cut downing the sum of hot H2O needed for a shower, money can be saved by necessitating less electricity to heat up the H2O ( The SEO Company, 2014 ) . By expression at this tabular array it is apparent that a shower caput can c ut down electricity ingestion.Ordinary Shower HeadFlow RateWater Savings LitresElectricity SavingsskWhMonetary SavingssRands15 liters per minute37 800873R 887.8018 liters per minute45 3601 053R 1 053.3620 liters per minute50 4001 170R 1 170.40Formulated by utilizing info given on The SEO Company 2014. Salvaging energy.SEO. Online . forthcoming hypertext delight communications protocol //savingenergy.co.za/saving. 25 February 2014 .Long term investingsInstalling a geyser timer can assist cut down electricity ingestion on the geyser. The simple device is programmed by you which controls the clip in which the geyser turns on and off ( The SEO Company, 2014 ) . As antecedently mentioned the geyser turns on every clip it needs to set to its original heat or eat H2O up. The timer is designed to command the geysers behaviours. The geyser can be set to be turned off during the dark and come back on during the early hours of the forenoon and back off when everyone is at work and out th e house.Installing dual glazing on Windowss can assist cut up to 50 % of heat loss this will assist in winter as one can cut down the sum of electrical warming contraptions that consume a batch of electricity ( U.S Department of muscle 2014 ) .Replacing electrical kitchen contraption with gas contraptions ( gas range, oven and kettle ) could be an alternate to cut down electricity ingestion.A heat pump is a device that uses a little sum of energy to travel heat from one location to another. They are by and large used to draw heat out of the land or air to heat up a house ( The SEO Company, 2014 ) . The procedure can besides be reversed and alternatively of warming, it can assist chill the house. A heat pump besides offers one a manner to utilize electricity expeditiously when heating H2O.Installing a solar geyser or solar panels for the house can assist cut down 1s electricity measure along with all the above accommodations ( Oxlade, 201328 ) .Fun and Freaky FactsCity of Cape Town , 2014Leaving a computing machine proctor on nightlong can blow every bit much energy as doing 800 A4 photocopies.Overfilling an electric boiler can blow adequate energy to run a Television set for 26 hours. redness an empty life room or bed room overnight, can blow adequate energy to do 1000 cups of tea.Televisions, DVD machines, Laptops, computing machine and picture machines left on Stand-By continue to utilize at least half the sum of electricity they use when they are turned on.MentionsCity of Cape Town 2014. Energy salvaging tips.City of Cape Town. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/tips/Pages/EnergySavingTips.aspx. 25 February 2014 .City of Cape Town 2014. Exceed 10 best ship canal to salvage electricity.City of Cape Town. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.capetown.gov.za/EN/ENVIRONMENTALRESOURCEMANAGEMENT/ENERGYEFFICIENCY/Pages/Top10BestWaysToSaveElectricity.aspx. 25 February 2014 .Grosvendor, M. 2012.Energy-Saving Tips For Dummie.America John Wiley & A Sons.Jones, E. 2012.Energy Saving Tips. London AmazonOxlade, C. 2013.Electricity. London Raintree.South African Tourism 2014. Electricity. South Africa Inspiring New Things. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel-tips/entry/travel-tip-electricity. 25 February 2014 .State Government of Victoria 2014. Exceed 10 ways to salvage power. Switch over on. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.switchon.vic.gov.au/how-can-i-take-charge-of-my-power-bill/top-10-ways-to-save-power. 25 February 2014 .State of California 2013. Summer Time Energy-Saving Tips.Consumer Energy Centre. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.consumerenergycenter.org/tips/summer.html. 25 February 2014 .The International Energy Agency. 2005.Salvaging Electricity in a Hurry Covering with Temporary Shortfalls in Electricity Supplies. America OECD Publishing.The SEO C ompany 2014. Salvaging energy.SEO. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //savingenergy.co.za/saving. 25 February 2014 .U.S Department of Energy 2014. Energy Savers Guide Tips on Salvaging Money and Energy at Home.U.S Department of Energy. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //energy.gov/energysaver/articles/energy-savers-guide-tips-saving-money-and-energy-home. 25 February 2014 .uSwitch 2014. 19 free energy salvaging tips. uSwitch. Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.uswitch.com/energy-saving/guides/free-energy-saving-tips/ . 25 February 2014 .

Tv Representation of Families and Society – 1950s to Present

The television shows from 1950 to the present argon connected in homoy ways. The characters showed in the fifties television show called Leave It To Beaver all comport white coloured skin and portrayed as a happy, perfect family. As the decades increased, the nuclear families turned into blended families, and the television shows deducted to select coloured characters. The families started to pitch problems and social situations. The viewer sees the conflicts inside the family begin as the years progress. For example, in the 2000s we examined a television show called Arrested Development.The show portrays the characters as if they argon troubled and have problems. The children do non listen to their parents that instead have their own racetrack in life, and their father is in jail. The representations of families changed according to gild. In the 1950s, union acted traditionally, and old-fashioned. Therefore, the families portrayed in television were traditional, old-fash ioned, obedient, and responsible. However, as the years progressed, society changed. The people became more free, open-minded, united, and dysfunctional.However, unconstipated though there are homophiley differences between the television shows from the decades, there are unflurried similarities between them. Even though society changes through magazine, families are still connected through love, support, care and responsibilities. In my family, we always stick together, support each others choices and love every person unconditionally. The television show that I piece of ass most revive to is The Crosby Show for many reasons. The Crosby Show has a humorous father, and a caring and loving mother who are both rocky working, siblings who fight further still love playing and music.The female teenager called Denise is independent, likes boys, music, wants an education, but still has fun which is alot like myself. The family had the same values as mine, often(prenominal) as educ ation is distinguished in the household, being levelheaded, and having a respectful and genuine relationship with everyone. However, the aside television show which I least cerebrate to is called The Brady Bunch. It is a blended family which consists of a father who is an architect, a mother who stays home, a family nanny, and six children. The parents act romantic, loving and do not raise their contribution or argue. The children behave properly nd do not have their independent voice nor their freedom. My family is not perfect like The Brady Bunch but we are a loving family with modern values and morals. The past television shows I have examined evidenced morals, and values in families. In my opinion, the most materialistic TV show about a family in the past was the Cosby Show. The Cosby Show was the only TV show that had a normal family. Both the parents had a successful job, the children have morals and optimistic values, and the family is always positive and humorous. Th e children have normal problems at their age, they care about education and social standards.They make it seem as if everyone is suitable and fair, and everyone has their own opinions not just following every action. On the other hand, the TV show which had a dysfunctional and least unrealistic family was Married With Children. This family was chaotic, uncontrolled, and they have dysfunctional values. The mother does not think straight and wants control over her married man. The father on the other hand, gives away his money without an opinion, and does not give situation to the children. The children do not care about school, nor health. They stomachnot be controlled and handled by the parents very well.Half the time, the parents do not even know where their children are. In my opinion this is not healthy nor a stable environment for the children to grow up in. Overall, families in general are represented in TV shows by how society is acting in that specific year. For example, in the 1950s families were behaving properly and according to the rules. They had perfect hygienic appearances and they were precise about everything they did. They had a daily routine including work, chores, school, healthy food, doing homework, speaking politely, and the husband was the man of the house.In the 1960s, they begin to blend a family together and the viewer begins to see a small change. The children start to argue and disagree with many things, the father is still the only one working and still the man of the house. The family begins to have arguments and situations but l grasp how to solve it by communication. In the 1970s, the children begin to think more modernly and start to think for themselves. The parents are older and the children are younger. The children begin to wonder my parents are older and they do not escort me.The values of the children are liberal eyepatch the parents are more conservative. In the 1980s, the families begin to show humour, choices, an d diversity. The shows begin to have dark coloured skinned characters, and freedom of public lecture. The children begin to engage in particular curriculum activities and have their separate social lives. The parents are strict but still loving, and the family thinks modern and up to date but the husband is still the man of the house. In the 1990s, the families represented in the TV show, sound disoriented, their values are mixed up, eat unhealthy, and do not follow any morals or rules.The parents do not seem to care or worry about their children. The children begin to disrespect their parents and not pay attention to the rules. In the 2000s, the family is more dysfunctional, and less(prenominal) sophisticated. The children are rebelling against their parents and their father is in jail. Basically, as the years progress, the values and morals of society changes thus, changing the morals in families. Report On The Image Of Ameri evoke Society In Films Representations of the Americ an society in films changed throughout 1950s to the present. American society revolves around the typical American family.The family structure has changed dramatically over the years. In the early years, the family was represented as a perfect family structure that acted politely, sophisticated and came together as a family. The family communicated with each other and spent worthful time as one. They sat down together as a family and bonded. As the years increased, the morals and values began to get lost in time through technology. Family keeps everyone together and responsible but without an authority figure inside the family, the family will start lose their bond.Throughout the years, the husband was the authoritarian man figure, however, as years progressed from the 1970s to the present, allowed women an amount of independence to express their freedom by getting a hazard to support their families and to receive an amount of responsibility. The films demonstrated that the familie s in the past had morals and values but decreased throughout the years. However, families still have honesty and unity to live by these days and no one can take that away from them. Americans society has a wide view on people found on the present life experiences.American films from the 1950s to the present have families based on the expectations of society at that moment. The past American film that I can most relate to is The breakfast Club. The Breakfast Club is a motion picture from the 1980s about a group of variant teenagers stuck in detention. These teenagers all have different personalities and hang out with different people. In the present society, I do not stick myself with one crew or clique. I pay attention to different kinds of people, with curious social standards and diverse appearances. The teenagers all come together and help each other and put aside their differences.The American film which I least relate to is called The Fight Club. This American movie about so ciety got society all wrong. Society is not that cruel, guilty, and violent. The entire film is about a depressed man who meets another man who is played by Brad Pitt and form a fighting club for the men who conduct confidence and never fought in their lives. The two men lose their jobs, homes, and health and begin to live in a broken down house and rebel against the law. They lose themselves inside the money they earn and the fights they fight. They do not go out the true meaning of life.In my dapple of view, I cannot relate to those men fighting and rebelling against society. American society creates films based on the American populations beliefs and moral values. Americas most realistic form of society in a film is Saturday Night Fever. This film toke societys fashion, fads, slang, and the realistic view of society at that moment and brought it to life. John Travolta played a young adult who worked part time, but still do his own decisions and worked hard for what he wanted . He had an extra curriculum activity which was dancing, and that was special for him. He worked hard, and he devoted himself to his passion.In civilization, human beings work hard to become someone thats treated with respect. His family was not always beside him and supporting him but they got around like a normal loving family. He has freedom of speech and is involved with everyone around him. In that moment in society, the director got the exact moments, and social events precisely into the films. In my opinion, the least realistic film that was brought to the public based on the public was The Fight Club. The Fight Club did indeed touch people and made people want to fight to prove themselves worthy, however, society is much better and efficient than that.If one works hard, then the hard work will be paid off correctly and they will become a winner on their own. One cannot achieve greatness and success over one fight. One has to work hard, believe in themselves and have hope. So ciety is not weak and does not fight because they need confidence. In reality, people challenge themselves and earn their life and living in a proper educated manner. Overall, American society in general are represented according to the communitys actions, feelings, and moral values. The world begins to think less old fashioned and the directors understand that.Young adults are changing the future as we know it. Society is going to act accordingly to modern young adults opinions and attitudes. The films represent the positive views on society. They demonstrate the modern experiences and attitudes that the director places in the movies. Technology is taking over our world and has a huge impact in the movies. Directors try to catch the attention of their audiences but placing modern attractions into the movies. The films try to be what the society is at that moment so that people will want to see the movie and think that it is the coolest and top movie that there is.Modern Representat ion of Families in Society A modern Canadian society is represented through a TV show called Degrassi The Next Generation. This TV show is about young adults in a high school trying to fit in, living through every day situations, and trying to understand life. The TV show focuses on many different life situations and unique kinds of people. These characters face various challenges such as poor self image, sex, AIDS, ch take, death and suicide, depression, bullying, homophobia, racism, eating disorders, peer pressure, child abuse, sexual identity, gang violence, self-injury, teenage pregnancy, and drug abuse.These are all topics that teens experience in high school, and there is no sugar-coating. In my point of view, this realistically relates most to the young adults and the adults in the show, also face daily modern situations such as divorce, abuse, economic problems, and identity issues. Degrassi is not for everyone, mainly because its an honest account what its like to be a teen in a society which values cliques and confrontation over truth and real growth. Teenagers in society are beginning to learn their purpose in life and try to create their existence in society a worthy one.They believe that they can change the world and put their education towards a worthy cause. In the show, there are many cases of modern problems which demonstrate to the public that those are the situations that need to be changed. For example, teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy is high in America. 1 in 20 young females will become pregnant before they ammonia alum high school. Teenagers need to realize that they do not live in a Barbie perfect world but have complications to face.With this TV show, teenagers, and young adults can realize the world issues out there and can fix them before they get out of hand. The audience gets a warning of the real world and chance for them to redeem themselves. The TV show is like a window into the modern world. The audience seems weak and confused on their path in life but if they get an opportunity to see the outcome of their actions, (such as having sex which can lead to pregnancy) they can learn what not to do. Television is a part in our modern society and media survives on the audiences remarks.Basically, people enjoy watching what they can relate to or what they are interested in. This show is important to society in general for the Canadian community. The issues portrayed in the television show is the most realistic representation of modern society. It is based on real life stories and events that happened. It is important that television portrays the real society at that moment because people start to act according to them. For example, ideas and themes become main stream in society so do they become more common on television.Women would never sleep in the same bed as her husband on television. This is because at the time Leave it to Beaver was being aired, it was a social taboo to talk about sex, or sexuality, even b etween married couples. Today, we have shows about single moms and sexuality is openly displayed by characters on TV. This shows a change in our cultures values and how we need to be completely and clearly sure every moment we get in our lives so we can learn from TV characters mistakes.

Economics-Sectors of the Indian Economy

CH-2-ECONOMICS- orbitS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY Chapter 2Economics SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY In order to understand the go of any economy, we convey to study various domains that it comprise. All around us we find commonwealth engaged in different types of activites. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ECONOMIC SECTORS The classifications atomic number 18 base on 1. Nature of activity being performed. Primary, Secondary & Tertiary 2. Working conditions of the workersOrganised & unorganized. 3. Who own the assets/ on the ownership basis. Public & Private first SECTOR1. Activites undertaken by directly using natural resources. . ExampleAgriculture, Mining, Fishing, Forestry, Dairy etc. 3. It is called primary sector because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make. 4. Since almost of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, forestry, fishing it is also called Agriculture and related sector. SECONDARY SECTOR It covers activities in which natural pr oducts are changed into other forms through shipway of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. 2. it is a next step after primary, where the product is not produced by nature but has to be made.Some process of manufacturing is essential, it could be in a factory, a workshop or at home. 3. Example Using cotton fibre from plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth using sugar cane as a raw material we make sugar or gur we convert earth into bricks. Since this sector is associated with different kinds of industries, it is also called industrial sector. TERTIARY SECTOR 1. These are the activities that help in the study of the primary & tributary sector. 2. These activities by themselves do not produce good but they are an aid and avow to the labor process. . Example a)TransportationGoods that are produced in the primary sector need to be transported by trucks or trains and than sold in the wholesale and retail shops b) retentivenessat times it is necessary to store th ese products in godowns,which is also a service made available. c)Communication talking to others on telephone) d) Bankingborrowing money from the banks. 4. Since these activities are feed services rather than goods it is also called Service sector. Q. How do we count the various goods and services and know the total achievement in each sector?As thousands of goods and services are produced, it is an enormous task to add up all these. To get to this problem economists suggested that the value of goods and services should be used rather than adding the tangible numbers. But only one precaution is to be undertaken ie. , only final value of the goods and services should be counted as it already includes the value of all fair goods. GDPThe value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular(a) year put forwards the total production of the sector for that year.And sum of production in three sectors tump over Gross Domestic ProductionGDP of the uncouth. I t is the value of all final goods and services produced within the country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. Q. Who measures the GDP in India? This mammoth(huge) task in India is carried on by the Central government ministry , with the help of various govt. Departments of Indian states and concretion territories. The information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices is collected and then estimates the GDP. Historical change in the sectors three make ups. INITIAL STAGEAfter observing the changes that stool come in the development patterns of the sectors, it has been found that in the Initial stages of the development the Primary Sector was the most authorised sector of economic activity. -As the methods of farming changed and rustic sector began to prosper, it produced much more food than before and many people could takeup many other activities which led to the increase in number of activities. -However at this stage most of the goods produced were natural products from the primary sector, hence most people were employed in this sector. SECOND STAGE Over a long time(more than hundred old age or so) because new methods of manufacturing were introduced, factories came up and started expanding. -People began to work in factories in large numbers, and also people started using factory goods in large numbers as they were cheap. -Secondary sector gradually became the most cardinal in total production and employment. There was a shift and the importance of the sectors also changed. THIRD STAGE In past hundred, in that respect has been a further shift from Secondary to Tertiary sector in the developed countries. -The service sector has become the most important in terms of total production.Most of working people are also employed in the service sector. Q. What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that generate taken place between sectors? (book question) It indicates that both s econdary and tertiary sectors are developing and are becoming major contributors of the GDP. -This shift has come up with the good in the agricultural sector, people now had more time for other activities and the number of craft persons, traders (SECONDARY) increase and also buying and selling activities also increased . Now there were many transporters, administrators, army etc. TERTIARY) Rising importance of tertiary sector in production Over thiry years between 1973 and 2003, production in the tertiary sector has increased the most, and it has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector. Q. Why the Tertiary sector is becoming so important in India? There are several reasons to it 1. In any country several services such as hospitals , educational institutions, post and telegragh services, police stations, courts, colonization administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies etc. are required.These se rvices are called the Basic services. In the developing countries the government has to take the responsibility for provision of these services. 2. The development of the agriculture and industrial necessitates to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage and the wish. Greater the development of primary and secondary sectors more will be film of such services. 3. As the income level rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services same(p) eating out, tourism, shopping , private hospitals, professional raising etc. This is found especially in the big cities. 4.Over the past decade or so certain new services such as those based on the information and communication technology have become important & essential. INDIAN SECTORIAL GROWTH It is a remarkable fact that while there has been a change in the share of three sectors in GDP, a similar shift has not taken place in employment. Service sector in India employs many different kinds of peoplea t one end there are a limited number of services that employ passing skilled workers and on the other end there are a very large number of workers engaged in services such as small shopkeepers, repair persons, transporters etc.Hence only a part of sector is growing in importance. More than half of the workers in the country are working in primary sector, mainly in the agricultural, producing only a quarter of GDP. In contrast to this secondary and tertiary sector are producing three-fourth of the produce whereas they employ little than half the people. Q. WHERE ARE MOST OF THE PEOPLE EMPLOYED? WHY? The primary sector employs the largest number of people in India. It is because not enough jobs were created in the secondary and tertiary sectors. Q.Even though primary sector employs largest number of people yet its share in GDP is less. Why? More than half of the workers in the country are working in primary sector, mainly in the agricultural, producing only a quarter of GDP. In con trast to this secondary and tertiary sector are producing three-fourth of the produce whereas they employ less than half the people. This also means that there are in agriculture more people than necessary and even if we live a few people out, production will not be effected. In other words, workers in the agricultural sector are under-employed.UNDER- traffic It is a situation, where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential. if few people move out , it will not effect the production. it is hidden in contrast to the open unemployment where a person is clearly or visibly without job. it is also called disused unemployment. this underemployment also happens in the other sectors for example there are thousands of casual workers in service sector in the urban areas as painters, plumbers, repair persons etc. HOW CAN WE CREATE EMPLOYMENT? There are various ways in which govt. an create employment opportunities as 1. The govt. can spend some money or banks can provide loans to construct well ect. Which will reduce the dependency of farmers on rains, and they will be able to grow two crops a year. 2. Construction of Dams and Canals can lead to lot of generation of employment in agricultural sector itself. 3. If govt. invests some money on transportation and storage of crops or makes better rural roads, it can provide productive employment not just to farmers but alsoto other who are in services like transport or trade. 4.If local banks give credits at reasonable rates to the small and marginal farmers ,they will be able to buy necessary inputs for their crops in time. 5. Another way to bat this problem is to identify , promote and locate industries and services in the semi-rural areas where a large number of people maybe employed. Examplemany farmers grow arhar & chickpea for them a dall-mill to procure and process these & sell in the citiesopening a cold storage will give an opportunity to thefarmers to store their pro duce like potato &onion and sell them price is good villagers near forests can start with honey collectionect. . To improve health situation we need health centres, hospitals & for that doctors, nurses, workers. 6. similarly to provide education to all children we would need lot of schools which can also generate employment. 7. Tourismevery state or region has the potential for change magnitude the income and employment for people in that area. This can also be done by promoting tourism or regional craft industry. 8. News services like IT are also creating jobs.All these are the long term projects but govt also has certain short term projects for people asNREGA-2005. NREGA2005 National Rural study Guarantee Act 2005. started by the Central govt. made a law implementing Right to work in 200 districts of India. all those who are in need of work will get guaranteed 100 days work and if the govt. fails to do so, it will give unemployment allowances to them the work will of the type which will in future tense help to increase the production from land.

Decreasing Child Abuse with Nurse Partnership Essay

baby abuse in America is non a new epidemic our countrys history has been tainted with it since its inception. tikeren argon abused at all whiles, indiscriminate of gender, race, or culture. While the abuse of any sister is appalling, the abuse of an infant is especially heinous. Dr. John Leventhal, a professor of pediatrics at Yale School of Medicine completed a recent study which highlighted the fact that serious abuse-related hospitalizations atomic number 18 more common in infants down the stairs the age of one year old and tend to disproportionately affect families on Medic tutelage, (Mann, 2012).These incidents come in because p atomic number 18nts argon ill- misrepresentd for parenthood and lack the resources necessary to appropriately pick off the stress of a new infant. A Nurse Partnership Program (NPP) is the answer to our nations call to significantly decrease the amount of kidskin abuse cases for infants under the age of 1 year. If appropriately executed and ma naged, this architectural plan could also improve the quality of life for participating families as well as potentially decrease the number of families who clear instigate from public welfare and assistance syllabuss.Needs Assessment Child Abuse Statistics According the United States incision of health & Human Services (USDHSS) (2011), Nevada is tied with Tennessee as the state with the third highest pace of infant abuse per capita for boorren under the age of one year 16. 9% of Nevadas infants were abused in 2010, 47. 7% of those cases resulted in fatalities, and 81. 3% of the perpetrators were parents of the victim.The USDHSS (2011) also reports that the federal politicss Fourth National Incident Study of Child Abuse found that abuse is three dates more common in poor families and neglect is seven times more common in poor families as well (poor as defined by national penury line). Poverty Statistics The U. S. Census Bureau reports that 16. 4% of Nevada residents live in poverty, which places Nevada as 38th in the nation (2010). In terms of pure numbers, 306K people receive Medicaid in the state of Nevada (Haynes, Vogel, and Tetreault, 2012).Nevada has a large target population for this syllabus and as the third worst state in the union for child abuse of infants, Nevada has demonstrated a dire need for action. Specific Target world The target population for the Nurse Partnership Program would be expectant mothers who are Medicaid recipients. The Nevada State Department of Human and Health Services and the Prevent Child Abuse Nevada validation would serve as supporting agencies since both organizations already work to prevent and swear child abuse in Nevada.The NPP would also derive from the exponentiation of dedicated mixer workers. Community Level Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Diagnosis One The target population is at take chances for damage parenting related to accompanimental characteristics that precipitate child abuse. Previously men tioned statistics prove that a disproportional amount of child abuse cases for children under one year of age occur in families who receive Medicaid. Child abuse, neglect, and contumely are classified as impaired parenting.According to the USDHHS (2012), research has uncovered a number of risk factors or situational characteristics that create a higher probability of child abuse within families. These situational characteristics of parents or caretakers include previous trauma history, altered mental health, and an unhealthy or negative response to stress. Research also indicates a link between substance abuse and child maltreatment. in that location is also an increased risk when children are raised by a single parent, when one parent is already to victim of domestic violence, and when parents are socially isolated.Nursing Diagnosis Two many an(prenominal) young or teenage parents receive public aid and Medicaid, which places them in the target population. These young and teenag e parents are at risk for ineffective head related to lack of social and stimulated support, lower stinting locating, high stress levels, and inadequate training. Brownridge and Douglas found that lack of or inadequate employment, education, social and emotional support, and self-esteem are associated with child abuse among children of adolescent mothers (2008, pp. 9-42). Without a sufficient support system or education to prepare young parents for the monumental labor movement of caring for infants, they are rendered inadequately prepared to cope with the stresses of archaean parenthood. Cancain, Slack, and Yang (2012) state that researchers and policy makers have long recognized that children living in families with limited economic resources are at a higher risk for maltreatment than children from higher socioeconomic strata. Nursing Diagnosis ThreeThe children of the target population are risk for trauma related to their dependent role in the parent child relationship. Infan ts are especially susceptible to maltreatment due to their early developmental status and need for constant care. As Dr. Leventhal (2012) stated, when abuse occurs in children under the age of one year abused, they are more likely to incur serious injuries that lead hospitalization than abused children over the age of one year.Project Goals, Objectives, and InterventionsA Nurse Partnership Program would match a registered view as with an expectant mother, who would in turn provide education and mentorship throughout the pregnancy and first year of the childs life. The nurse would perform home visits and help the mother prepare the home as well as herself for the untroubled arrival of the infant. The nurse would advocate for a healthy pregnancy and assist the mother in purpose the resources she would need to facilitate that healthy pregnancy.While evaluation of the aims would include comparing the rate of child abuse cases among those enrolled in the NPP with those in the ontrol group, the overall evaluation of the political platform would include the rate of families who set and assure educational and professional goals as well as achieve and maintain economic independence of government aid course of instructions. Project Goal One The first goal of this program is to improve pregnancy outcomes of the targeted population. This would start with matching an expectant mother with a registered nurse early in the pregnancy. This sign relationship builds the foundation for a successful therapeutic relationship and the overall success of this program.The nurse would educate the woman on obstructive practices during pregnancy to include prenatal care, appropriate diets, and any behavior modifications that may need to occur such as the use of cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. The success of interventions and ending of meeting this goal would be evaluated by comparing the rate of healthy births by mothers enrolled in the program with the rate of healthy births by mothers in a control group not participating in the NPP. Project Goal TwoThe second goal of this program would be to create a safe home environment for children to curve the likeliness of accidental injuries. This process would also create confidence in young parents as they take control and accountability for the safety of their child. Duva & Metzger (2010) found that a lack of confidence and self-esteem increase the risk of children suffering from abuse. Ongoing evaluation of this goal would occur during the home visits and overall evaluation of this goal would include the comparison of accidental injuries to children whose family is enrolled in the NPP to the control group.Project Goal Three Project goal three would include training the young parents how to build an appropriate support system. Young parents need to be able to communicate to others what their needs are. Something as simple as asking person to watch their child so they can have a break could benefit the par ents and child, providing a stress management tool which can decrease the likelihood of child abuse. Support systems include families, friends, and community networks (such as other parents, churches, etc. ).Evaluation consists of comparing the rate of child abuse cases among those enrolled in the NPP with those in the control group. Child abuse cases among the participants would be screened to determine if they were successful at building that special support system. Nurses can evaluate the progress of this goal during their home visits throughout the first year of the childs life. Project Goal Four Project goal four includes improving child health and development. Nurses would work deliberate in hand with a licensed social worker to help parents provide responsible and competent care.This goal revolves around the main intervention of education. Their education would include stress management techniques, effective parenting skills, early childhood development, and the development of realistic expectations for themselves as parents and their children. This goal would include home visits by both the social worker and nurse throughout the first year of the infants life. Participants in this program are both students and parents. This unique compilation creates a situation ideal for the involvement of social workers.According to the Illinois Association of School Social Workers (2012), social workers help people understand themselves and others, cope with stress, develop decision devising skills, help parents to meet and understand the needs of their childrens social and emotional needs, how to identify and utilize resources effectively, provide counseling services, and advocate for patients. They are a precious partner in the proposed program as the collaboration between the social worker, nurse, and parents are fundamental to the success of the NPP.Evaluation of this goal outcome includes comparing the rate of child abuse cases among those enrolled in the NPP with those in the control group. Project Goal Five Project goal five is the lynchpin for the overall success of the program. The terminal goal is to improve the economic self-sufficiency of parents. This would include the nurse and the social worker collaborating with the participants to develop goals for their own futures by completing their education, developing employable skills, determination employment, and planning future pregnancies.The success of this goal would be determined by the umber of cases who achieve economic independence, no longer utilize government aid programs, and have no unplanned pregnancies within two years of the childs birth. That number would then be compared to the control group. Estimated Cost Discussing the cost of the program would by an injustice without discussing the possible savings the program could also produce. Child abuse and neglect costs the U. S. $124 billion from just one year of confirm cases of child maltreatment and the lifetime cost for each victim of child maltreatment who lived was $210,012 (Fang, X. , Brown, D. , Florence, C. , & Mercy, J. 2012).The Nurse-Family Partnership organization reports that a recent cost-benefit update by upper-case letter State Institute for Public Policy (2012) determined that long term benefits could equal as much as $23,000 per participant of a NPP. As families sop up economic independence of government aid programs, the government saves money. This program would also decrease the amount of Medicaid dollars spent as children are expected to be born(p) within a healthy birth weight and generally healthy overall when compared to the control group. In comparison, the cost of the program would be significantly less(prenominal) per family.The supporting agencies are already in place in the targeted community. The Nevada State Department of Human and Health Services and the Prevent Child Abuse Nevada organization both work to prevent and control child abuse in Nevada the infrastru cture is already established. The cost would be allocated to initiate a new program within the Prevent Child Abuse Nevada organization with the oversight of the Nevada State Department of Human and Health Services. The Nurse-Family Partnership organization has estimated the cost of such a program to be approximately $5,000 per family per year.Ideally, in order to establish and maintain continuity and oversight throughout the program, it would be managed by a single entity such as the Prevent Child Abuse Nevada organization. This is different than other programs which are managed privately by hospitals and smaller organizations. Some may balk at utilizing government funds, but funding this program is more economical than paying the price of child abuse. Fang et al. (2012) determined the lifetime cost for each victim of child maltreatment who lived was $210,012, which includes medical and legal costs, as well as other costs associated with child abuse (social services, etc. . It is d efinitely cheaper to teach them than it is to treat them. Collaboration With a Licensed Social Worker This program proposal was discussed with a licensed social worker, Mandy S. , in the state of Nevada. This licensed social worker stated individual programs exist through hospitals and smaller organizations, but agreed that a larger program with a single point of managerial oversight in the county would be the most beneficial.I proposed the ideal situation would include State Legislature mandating Medicaid recipients to participate in such a program in order to receive benefits of Medicaid and other public assistance programs such as welfare, food stamps, and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). WIC provides Federal grants to states for supplemental foods, health care referrals, and nutrition education for low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and non-breastfeeding postpartum women, and to infants and children up to age five who are found to be at nutritional risk (Food & Nutrition Ser vice, 2012).Mandy S. stated that this legislative push would be a goal to move after the success rate of the NPP could be established. Implementation The program would be administered and managed by the Prevent Child Abuse Nevada organization. The Nevada State Department of Human and Health Services would maintain oversight and monitor outcomes of the program. It also requires the cooperation of hospitals and physician offices as they will be the initial referral source for patients to the program.Ideally, if successful, patients would refer their friends and family to the program as well. There are only two qualification standards for participation in the program. First, the woman must be less than 24 weeks pregnant to ensure adequate time for prenatal care to maximize the success rate of project goal one. Second, the family must be at or below the government established poverty line. A registered nurse and licensed social worker would be assigned to the woman to complete the proj ect goals and planning with the patient in her home.The same registered nurse and licensed social worker would complete home visits ever one or two weeks throughout the pregnancy and first year of the infants life. The frequency of visits would be determined during the initial assessment and re-evaluated as required to ensure participants are receiving the interventions they need to ensure success in the program. Each goal is monitored by the nurse and social worker throughout the familys participation in the program and changes or new interventions are developed as required. The participation would continue during the pregnancy thru the childs first birthday.During that year participants are armed with the knowledge and resources to ensure safe and healthy environments for their children, healthy support networks, reduce or eliminate negative behaviors, provide responsible and competent care to their children, and to be economically independent of government aid programs. If patien ts are determined to not be safely discharged from the program, they may be determined eligible for additional assistance. Evaluation of Project Overall evaluation of the program is difficult to set as this program would take over a year to achieve results.However, nurse partnership programs have begun to gain popularity throughout our country and have achieved extraordinary results. So much so, that the Centers for Disease Control have named these programs as effective with a great potential to reduce economic burden of child maltreatment. farther collaboration with the licensed social worker, Mandy S. , determined a weakness in this program. While the original goal was to decrease the number of child abuse cases in children under the age of one year, it was determined by the social worker that many of her clients had children under the age of two and required much assistance from her.My initial plan to provide services thought the first year of the childs life was inadequate. To gether, we determined participation through the second year of the childs life would be most beneficial to participants. Mandy S. was a great resource as she stated that the majority of child abuse cases she personally supervises are due to a lack of support, resources, and most importantly, education. This program provides those things to participants, thus decreasing the risk of child abuse and trauma, increasing positive parenting skills, and developing positive grapple skills.Interviews with young mothers proved positive. When asked if they would be interested in participating in a NPP program or would have liked to have a program available when they were expecting, 22 of the 25 polled stated yes, they would have been sore to participate. Those 22 mothers unanimously stated they felt they would benefit from such a program. Although the original program did not include support groups of participants, the polled mothers stated they would enjoy the social benefits of participatin g in support group comprised of participants.This would be a great resource for those participants who do not have a family or other social circle to rely on for support. The community overall benefits from a program that decreases the rate of child abuse. It breaks a cycle that research has proven exists. Many times people who have been abused continue the cycle of abuse Clark County has the opportunity to stop that cycle. Children who are subject to abuse are at a higher risk of developing mental health issues, substance abuse problems, and overall negative health behaviors (Herrenkohl, R. Harrenkohl, T. , Moylan, C. , & Sousa, C. , Tajima, E. 2008).The community not only saves money with this program, but it builds a strong community where healthy families thrive and prosper. Summary Parenting can be a challenging and lonely experience. The course of this project has taught me that preparation is the key to success. The more we can prepare young mothers for the challenges of pare nthood, the more we are likely to decrease the rate of child abuse among children under the age of one year.Young parents are often faced with the stress of financial dependence on others and government programs the NPP provides resources to set and meet goals to complete education and achieve employment to maximize financial independence. This is not a lifelong program. The intention of the program is to provide parents the mental tool boxwood and resources they need in order to provide a healthy life and economical independent life for their children. The concept is relatively new, and I am excited to see the proven long term effects in the years to come.

Advantages of Activity Based Costing

In modern business environment, the use of conventional be system is no longer relevance to the company to achieve competitive advantage. Nowadays, Activity Based Costing is considered as one of the effective tools to enhance the ability of the arranging to cooperate global competition. This had resulted in the change from traditional be system to an increasingly popular approaching system such Activity-Based Costing (ABC). ABC system has emerged as an alternative to traditional costing system to meet the need for precise cost study about the harvestings, services, customer and processes.ABC performs the arithmetic to provide accurate cost information while Activity Based Management (ABM) is focused on using this information obtained from ABC to manage activities in order to meliorate business (Gunasekaran et al. , 2000). Generally ABC systems enable indirect and support expenses onto each activity. Following by identify the cost drivers to measure the activity used by cost objects and allocate them to cost driver.In order word, ABC helps the manager to understand about the cost and expense in each merchandise by giving managers a clearer picture of the economics of their operations to managerial decision making at a strategic level (Kaplan and Copper, 1998). Apart from that, in 21st century market which is global consumer markets and rapidly changing product technologies have forced global producers to make dramatic changes in their products, markets as well as production strategies.In order to stay in the global market, organisations are advice to adopt ABC not only gets products at faster rates, but they produce with greater consistency and conformity to superior specifications. Also, ABC system allows the manufacturers to invalidate the time between customer order and product delivery which crumb gives the manufacturer a competitive advantage in improving customer service (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999).Therefore, it is essential for organisatio n to adopt ABC system which can assist managers in identifying the value- amounted activities which they could further improve to meet customers demands and enhancing the product quality and process simplification and efficiency (Marx, 2009). For example, MelCo is the company that implements ABC and gets the benefits from it. MelCo is the only manufacturer of technology components in Melbourne. Its previous costing system was a conventional costing system where overheads were allocated to products based on wear out hour utilised (Sohal and Chung, 1998).However, vigilance rig that implement ABC system in the organisation is seem to be useful because it can assist high level of flexibility and responsiveness that demanded by the marketplace. Besides, ABC system can generate true costing and pricing which automatically give performance measures and product profitability as well as provide a variety of information for management in strategic decision making. Even though it incur hig h cost, MelCo think that it is worthiness because it provides a tool for management for commercial decision making although it just implement for 12 months (Sohal and Chung, 1998).Due to the changes of business environment, the company requires to manufacture very wide product range for a large customer base with high quality and innovative products in order to fulfil the demand of the consumer. By implementing ABC in organisation, ABM guides efforts to adapt business strategies to meet competitive pressures as well as to improve business operations. ABC information enables ABM to yield persisting improvement process. By continuous improvement, organisation can yield the maximum profitability as well as improved the customers bliss (Gunasekaran et al. 2000). Nowadays, customers want products and services that fit their specific needs they want quality service at affordable price to be right now. However, since traditional costing system is volume-based, inaccurate information will be generated which lead to company make wrong decision (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). Apart from that, stable product and mass production are no longer valid for today manufacturing system. Thus, manufacturing companies have reduced the implication of traditional cost accounting system by implementing ABC systems.In contrast to standard costing, ABC can identify value-added and non-value-added activities. To clarify this, all activities should be compared with similar activities in another company or within the organisation in order to perform the best. Hence, benchmarking should be encourages to be carried out for both value-added and non-value added activities because it is a best practice which is mostly used in real-life situation (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). For example, ascorbic acid% on time delivery of customer orders is an essential activity.Apart from that, non-value-added activities such as inspection and material handling can be reduced by using different quality assuran ce methods and techniques such as total quality management and just in time. With ABC, the company has a better adit to decision which related to TQM and JIT (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999). To achieve cost reduction in a strategic way, activity-based costing presents to be more accurate in determining expensive activities in order to help companies to better manage those activities.Unlike the information available under traditional management accounting, ABC systems are capture the world-shattering information among customer orders and provide strategic decision making with the indication of the changes in the customers specifications (Lere, 2000). By implementing ABC system, it in like manner can reduce non-value activities as well as cost of their products to compete in today competitive market. Non-value added activities can be eliminated with the execution of instrument of strategies such as total quality management, just in time and business process re-engineering.Managers sh ould pay more attention to those activities which will incur high cost but does not add any value to the product. Besides, managers prepared with the ABC systems were able to reduce overall costs, identify the opportunities for continuous improvement of the products. Nowadays, technology plays a dominant role of desegregation various functional areas. Although the automation in advanced manufacturing environment has reduced the labour component, at the same time overheads have increased (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999).Therefore, in manufacturing environment, it is necessary for organisation to minimize non-value adding activities to reduce the cost of their products to compete in the market. By implementing ABC system in organisation, it will help to reduce direct labour component, increase in overheads as well as productivity of knowledge workers. Apart from that, ABC also helps organisation in better communications and aggroup working environment as well as reduce time required to p erform an activities due to knowledge workers and re-engineering the suggestions by employees to reduce the non-value activities (Gunasekaran et al. 1999). In contrast, the traditional costing systems do not provide non-financial information such as defect rates, level of quality about the organisation. However, slaying of activity based costing is not an easy task as there are some(prenominal) difficulties in implementing ABC system. One of the first fundamentals for the success of an ABC implementation is top management support for the project (Zhang and Che, 2010). The failure of ABC projects can generally be attributed to lack of visible and active management.If the organisations of age(p) managers do not show the commitment and act passive in the program, it will negatively reduce the motivation of the employees. Apart from that, the productivity of the employees will also affect as well. Therefore, top management should be give full support with clear understanding of goals and purposes of the whole organisation to the employees. Besides, they should meet regularly in order to advise the management on the strategic and technology business problems (Gunasekaran et al. , 1999).Commitment of employees is one of the important factors in implementing ABC system. For the successful implementation in ABC, the employees must have a clear understanding of its capabilities, goals and objectives (Zhang and Che, 2010). As a result, education and training are necessary for the employees to make sure that they understand the objective of ABC system. When the employees are well trained and educated, they can easily reduce the time and effort required to perform an activity, on-time delivery as well as reduce the cycle time of the product.Also, employees should be provide with internal and external company training facilities to ensure them gain latest knowledge and trend in order to maintain companys standard in today global market (Zhang and Che, 2010). For example , MelCo is a company that implementing ABC system and it found that the problems during implementation was lack of available skills in-house which means that they do not have considerable amount of education and training.Therefore, MelCo are recommended that training of employees should be taking into consideration (Sohal and Chung, 1998). As a conclusion, the changes of global business environment had changes the way of the company doing the business and shift traditional management accounting to strategic management accounting for cost management in organisations. However, it does not means that traditional management accounting is usefulness and not applicable in today business environment.Relevance of traditional cost accounting is very subjective in each view of the organisation. It may be suitable for some companies treated standard costing and difference analysis as a tool that enhances planning and control and improves performance evaluation rather than abolished it. To com pete in today business environment, strategic management accounting is the most suitable accounting system for the organisation as ABC method can provides more accurate and better cost information which can helps manager to understand and make strategic decision making.Furthermore, ABC system can eliminate the non-value added activities which added value to the product cost, by doing so, organisation can reduce those unnecessary costs. Thus, ABC system is most appropriate management accounting costing in today business environment. However, there are several problems and difficulties in implementing ABC system, company should take into consideration when implementing ABC in order to maximize the fully benefits for ABC systems.

Critical Review of Related Literature Essay

The frugalal strategy is the the method in which a country produces, distri exceptes and consumes goods and go. An sparing system must swear out quad basic economic questions that leave direct a nations economic activity (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2010) What goods and run- and how a good deal of each- will be produced? How will these goods and services be produced? For whom will these goods and services be produced? Who owns and who controls the major factors of mathematical product? Four oddballs of economic systems deem been formulated and implemented through and throughout human hi degree.These are traditional scrimping, omit frugality, capitalist/free providence and mixed economic system. Traditional economy is based on culture, tradition and rituals. This causa of economy, which developed gradually characterized by slow productivity and low rising capital-labor ratios, usually consist of culture based societies (Mokyr, 1989). Command economies are econo mies in which the presidential term owns and controls major factors of production. Also callight-emitting diode centrally planned economy, the government decides on all issues regarding labor, mode of production and what goods and services to produce.Socialist and communist societies are examples of command economies. However, close leaders of these forms of government accreditedized that although it was based on the principle of e fictional character, the system was inefficient leading to shortages or surplus of products which usually resulted in political unrest (Taylor, 2007). Capitalist economic system is a system wherein individuals and private enterprises own and operate the major factors of production. Based on the lassiez-faire theories of Adam Smith in which individuals are fall outn the freedom to utilize resources as they deem fit.The role of the government is limited to regulation and creating economic rules. This system supports competition and prices of goods and services are determined by the mechanisms of supply and demand (Pride et. al. 2010). The last type of economy is the mixed economy wherein the reinforcements of capitalism or free market economy is combined with several(prenominal) of the principles of a command economy. In this economic form, goods and services are ex tackd amongst households and firms.The government, on the unused(prenominal) hand still regulates and imposes rules, but ian important responsibility of it is to collect taxes from business organisation owners and its citizens, which will en sufficient to similarly provide goods and services such as education, infrastructure and security (Pride et. al. , 2010). In this circumstance, the market (producers of goods) answer the wants while the government provides the need. Economic Shift These economic systems have created economic shifts that determined the primary products of that economic era and the modes of production.In the traditional economies, floricu lture was the master(prenominal) form of manufacturing. In fact, economists estimate that the British economy in 1760 was comprised of almost 90% agriculture industries (Mokyr, 1989). However, the advent of the Industrial revolution changed the economic landscape from agriculture to industrial. The introduction of machines, technological innovations and assembly lines in to the modes of production shifted the economy form producing agricultural products to manufactured products. Post-World struggle Two and increasing globalization would witness a nonher global economic shift.Again, technology played detect role in the rise of service economies. Service economies are not directly fastend in manufacturing but is involved in the purvey of human quantify added in the form of labour, advice, managerial skill, entertainment, training, intermediation and the like (OECD, 2000). The rapid increment of information and communication (ICT) technologies have allowed companies to tap on the knowledge and talented properties of economies packaging them as a distinct economic output.This form of economy has bled into different industry sectors such as ICTs and healthcare, as companies are pressured to concentrate on core competencies, reduce costs, exploit external, specialized expertise, better-looking rise to business process outsourcing companies. This has enabled foreign companies to tap into other foreign countries labor providing much inevitable jobs especially for developing countries. The shifting of economies, the development of technology and the success of mass production has led to the commodification of products and services.This has stripped-down away the personalization of products and services, mutating kins into an exchange relation or as Karl Marx (1978) called it callous cash payment. hurt and Gilmore (1999), layer out that although commodification has led to cost-savings, it no longer breeds growth and profitability. Thus, they reveal that there is another aspect of economy that has not fully been explored and tapped by businesses. They labelled this raw approach as the stupefy economy. Companies that identify insure as a distinct economic output are given new horizons to expand their businesses. intimacy= Economic Output The archetype of an bang economy is rooted in the principles of creating sensations mingled with the consumer and the product creating unforgettable figures ( pine and Gilmore, 1999). This economic strategy runs the customer, customizing products and services check to their needs and wants, turning the them into not just passive users of products but as important factors in the creation and trade of the product. smart and Gilmore (1999) refer to the coffee bean edible bean as a perfect example of the effect of get chthonic ones skin as an economic output.The coffee bean is a commodity that if manufactured and sold as a good in a grocery sees a jump of mingled with 5-10 percent in t s price from a raw commodity to a manufactured and packaged good. However, when a cup of coffee is sold in cafes and coffee shops, its stiffly jumps to 100-300% percent of its raw price and people are still willing to pay for it? why? Pine and Gilmore attribute this willingness to the bring forth factor that cafes and coffee shops add to the cup of coffee. The added last of an ambiance of comfort, relaxation and merriment effectively raises the value of the cup of coffee.And yet, customers are willing to pay for that pricey cup of coffee because the swallow of one is no longer cogitate on the coffee itself (although the quality of the product still has the biggest percentage in the satisfaction criteria) but on the whole follow out of drinking it. Experience itself is not a new concept, but economists and producers of goods have , in the past, attached it to the delivery of services that its power is largely unappreciated and tapped (p. 2). However, Pine and Gilmore (1999) r eiterate that visits are as distinct from services as services are from goods (p.3). When a person buys a service, he purchases a set of intangible asset activities carried out on his behalf. But when a buys an have sex, he pays to spend time enjoying a series of unforgettable events that a comp whatsoever stages-as in a theatrical play- to engage him in a personal way. (p. 2) It is through this concept of a theatre and stage that the authors initially frame the concept of experience economy. The consumers are the actors in theatres, stages and plays which are prepared, scripted and planned by companies.Thus, for the experience to be truly credible and believable, manufacturers and suppliers must change their perspective from merely providers to stagers of events. Customers and clients are no longer viewed as just but are treated as clients. The stagers of events must indeed be flexible, ready to adapt to the demands of their guests. This relationship surrounded by the stage r and guest is much more deeper than the callous payment of cash referred to by Marx (1978) but actually creates a relationship between both parties construct on trust and quality service.Although experience economy have to begin with been associated with the entertainment industry, with the efforts of discipline parks and movies to deliver realistic and truly interactive attractions through the use of 3D technology, surround sound and, in the episode of Walt Disney theme parks, productions that immerse the sights, sounds, tastes, aromas and textures of their guests (Gilmore and Pine, p. 3). However, other industries have taken wag of this approach. Service industries such as restaurants are investing on ambiance and in services that engage all the sensations of their guests to create unique dining experiences.IT companies are racing to create much more virile processors to create ICT experiences that are interactive and life-like (Grove, 1996). It has to a fault been adapted by parking lots, department stores, appliance repairmen, and more and more by businesses themselves to create much more dynamic and productive workplaces by bringing employees and the products closer. Evidently, the experience economy has become a philosophy for companies that seek to distinguish themselves from the competition.In this light, what industries have been greatly transformed by this philosophy? What strategies did they create in gild to provide their guests with unique experiences? Did the adoption of this philosophy bring rough positive effects? Or did it further lead to consumer alienation? This idea will attempt to answer these questions by revaluationing grimaces of experience cases and provide a picture of the effect of this strategies. A critique of the philosophy will attempt to reveal its strengths, weaknesses and limitations when applied in the real world.Review of Related Literature The sessvas send off Experience A doctoral dissertation memorize by Hosany and Witham (2009) focused on the canvassrs experiences and analyzed the relationships between tourists experiences and personal evaluation of satisfaction and feedback. Based on the conceptualization of tourism experiences by Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007), the plain hoped to suffer on the existential concept of tourism by enhancing its theoretical progress and advancing important implications for canvas markets (Hosany and Witham, 2009).Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007) conduced a choose that want to provide empirical evidences of the experience economy as posited by Pine and Gilmore (1999). Using the setting of a Bed and Breakfast Inn, which has been identified as highly experiential in nature (McIntosh and Siggs, 2005), guests were asked to footfall their lodging experiences. Utilizing a rigorous and methodologically sound approach to scale development, Oh et. al.(2007) were able to create a sound and valid scale which measured tourism experiences. The main objective of Ho sany and Whithams speculate therefore was to validate the measure developed by Oh et. al. (2007) by applying it to the context of cruise tourism. This main objective was supported by devil specific objectives to identify the underlying dimensions of cabin cruisers experiences to investigate the relationship between cruisers experiences, satisfaction and excogitation to cheerThe study chose to examine the cruiser experience since these trips offered total escape, safe pane to exotic destinations, Vegas style entertainment, luxurious pampering service, quality nutrition and beverage, innovative onboard features and awe-inspiring esthetics among others (p. 5). Cruise vacations are chosen because of their promise of luxurious care and entertainment (Cartwright and Baird, 1999) and are laden with experiential benefits that engage tourists in a unique social experience (Kwortnik, 2006). Employing survey method, the Oh et. al.(2007) tourism experience scale was reworked in order t o apply to the context of the study. Variables such as cruisers experience, memory, arousal, overall perceived quality, intention to recommend and satisfaction were measured along with other variable of interest such as demographic variables that included gender, age, travel companion, number of past cruises taken, and nationality. The quatern dimensions of experience education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism were represented with quaternion recitements and were rated using a 7-point scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree.Variables such as arousal and memories virtually the cruise experience were also measured using 7-point scales. Overall perceived quality and overall satisfaction were assessed through two items each (poor/excellent and inferior/superior, and extremely dissatisfied/extremely satisfied and abominable/delighted respectively). Finally, respondents intention to recommend were measured using the question How likely is it that you would r ecommend this cruise to family and friends or family members and through a scale of -3 extremely unlikely and +3 extremely likely.Data arrangement was done aboard the cruise ship Rhapsody of the Seas which is owned and operated by Royal Caribbean International Cruise Line. It was acquired by approaching the cruisers less than hour after disembarking from the ship and while waiting for their coach transfers. All in all, 169 questionnaires were accomplished out of the 1859 guests onboard. The study established the robustness and generalisability of the Oh et. al. (2007) measure for tourism experience.Data also revealed that the four realms of experience (education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism) can be applied in the context of cruise experiences and still be testd reliable and valid. Although the four dimensions varied in their richness in explaining the variable outcomes of arousal, memory, overall perceived quality, satisfaction and intention to recommend, the results were similar with Oh et. al. (2007) which identified aesthetics as the main factor in experiential outcomes.This also agrees with Kwortniks (2008) conclusions that a ships design and ambient features affect cruisers emotions and behaviors. Hosany and Withams (2009) findings on entertainment contradicted Oh et. al. (2007) in that it was found to be the second strongest determinant of outcome variables. The study attributes this to the reputation of cruise ships as entertainment havens. Education and escapism dimensions were found to be of little takings to the cruise ship experience. The study also found out that the four dimensions of cruisers experiences have direct impacts on passengers intention to recommend.Overall, Hosany and Withams study provide tangible and empirical findings that back-up the concept of experience economy posited by Gilmore and Pine (1999). The studys initiative to investigate the concepts application program on an industry that has yet to be fully explor ed but is a perfect setting for canvas experience economy is the its great strength. The literature review of the study provides rich, background detail on the concepts of experience economy and other modern studies on the cruise ship industry.However, the sample of the study barely scratched the universe of the its main study. The time constraint (two weeks) and the focus on only one cruise ship could be seen as the greatest weaknesses of the study. It would have been interesting to see a comparison of experiences between two cruise ships that ply the same cruise route. A lack of the effect of cruise ship employee behavior on the overall experience is an area that should have been investigated but was overlooked.This should have been an important factor for the study since Gilmore and Pine reinforces the importance of the companys interaction in setting the feel for the stage of experience. the study also did not take into account the sociological aspect of the cruise, such as the effect of other cruisers behavior on the whole experience. Despite these, the findings of the study that revealed its greatest office by proving the validity of Oh et. al. s (2007) tourism measure. This is a giant step for the further investigation of experience economy by providing a reliable test that can be applied in different tourism contexts.Experience thriftiness in the Rural Context Isaac Kwamena Arthurs (2008) makeup empower Conceptualisation of Experience parsimoniousness as Competitive Advantage for Rural Food Industry and Rural development sought to participate a framework which can be applied to the arcadian viands industry in order for it to fulfil a competitory edge in an experience economy. The paper presents evidences that point to the positive implications of experience economy on business profits and community development.Studies have proven that experience economies add value to rural businesses (Fiore et. al, 2007), its usefulness in industries such as tourism (Richard, 2001 Hayes and Macleod, 2006 Oh et,al. 2007), small city development (Lorentzen et. al. , 2007) and its implication on the development of urban sports and recreation settings (Howell, 2005). Despite most experience economists identifying its products as militant (Lorentzen, 2008) and providing a higher degree of customer satisfaction and profitability (Sims et. al., 2007), they do not present any framework or theory to melt down firms in maintaining this competitive good. Thus, Arthurs paper sought to provide a deeper meeting of experience economy through the presentation of strategic approaches that can be adapted by rural food industries to maintain competitive advantage. Guided by the seek question what is the experience economy and what strategic approaches exist for experience producers in the rural food industry to utilize in achieving competitive advantage? (Arthur 2008, p.2), the paper analyzed different views on strategic focus concepts while ada pting on Gilmore and Pine (1999) concept of experience economy. Employing an extensive literature review, Arthur (2008) explores the concepts of experience economy and its applications muster mostly on the works of Gilmore and Pine (1999). he reveal that although earlier authors have identified the concept of experience industries (Toffler 1970, p. 221), it was Gilmore and Pine that indicated a new orientation of experience, which is central to creating events around products (Arthur 2008, p.3). This idea of creating events around products therefore create experiences (such as an educational show on how a product is manufactured) which becomes the package in which products are marketed and sold. In applying the experiential economy concept on rural food industry, Arthur (2008) focused on the two forms of experience realms customers passive or active involvement and the level of immersion or absorption. These two forms delineate the individuals participation in the experience and th e bond that is created between the consumer and the experience (Gilmore and Pine 1999, p.30-31). Arthur (2008) then enumerates different examples of experiential economy at work in the rural food industry, such as the local food producers organizing food processing festivals wherein consumers can watch how food products are prepared. For further immersion, Arthur (2008) suggests educational tours that introduce consumers to the inner workings of food processing plants and by encouraging their participation in some of the processes. The escapist realm of experience can be attained by customers being engaged in the production and processing of their product (Arthur 2008, p.5). He also suggests the creation of theme parks and utilization of venues where consumers can purchase various food products in order to engage the aesthetic realm of experience economy. In discovering a framework for maintaining competitive advantage, Arthur (2008) first defined the parameters of competitive adva ntage. He cites Besanko,et. al. (2007) definition as his basis for identifying competitive advantage as the firms specific abilities to do or achieve things which are superior over their competitors in the market (Arthur 2008, p. 7).Arthur identifies three regulates which can be utilized to attain competitive advantage in the rural food industry fin Force model, resource-base view, and the relational view. The five force model identifies an industrys profitability (Porter, 1985 Grant, 2002 and Xu et. al. , 2006) and offers an understanding that competition is not merely between competitors but involves the whole process of production and its players. The credit of these five forces are attributed to Porter (1985, p. 4) threat of new market entrants threat of substitute products or services bargaining power of suppliers bargaining power of buyers competition among competitors The resource base view looks at the internal organizational resources and capabilities to achieve com petitive advancement in a selected environment (Douglas and Ryman, 2002). This framework looks at how a firms uniqueness can give it an edge against its competitors (Grant, 2002). Various management literatures identify relational view as the inter-firm relations which gives rise to a firms profitability (Dyer and Singh, 1998 Duschek, 2003 Douglas and Ryman, 2003).It sheds light on the importance of networking in creating competitive advantage. In combine these three models, Arthur (2008) provides a framework for rural food industries that builds upon the five force understanding of the prospects of obtaining competitive advantage through experience offerings in the rural food industry, strengthened by the firms identification and utilization of its capabilities and resources according to the resource base view model, and finally, through a seeking out and building of strategic alliances (based on the relational view model) to cement its position in the industry.Although Arthur (20 08) was able to identify the contribution and importance of experience economy in different industry sectors,it was not able to provide new insight on the topic. This can be attributed to the methodology adapted by the study and its heavy combine on the works of Gilmore and Pine (1999). However, it was able to achieve its both its objectives with the discovery of a framework for maintaining competitive advantage in rural food industries by reviewing and combining three strategic management models.This is the study greatest strength since it pioneers initiatives towards the creation of frameworks which cater to the operation of industries in the experience economy. But, its the studys greatest strength is also its biggest pitfall. With the absence of a real data gathering inquiry methodology and credit on previous works, Arthurs (2008) suggested framework remains a hypothesis and not yet a valid theory as it remains to be tested and operationalized within the context of the rural food industry.On a positive note, the author does plan to test his conceptual framework in a empirical case study of the Thisted food industry in Denmark. Exploring the Inner Sanctum of Experience tier van Doorn of Philips Research presents a fresh look at the concept of experinec economy in his paper entitled An Inside Story on the Experience Economy (2006). In this paper, Doorn (2006) explores the concept of experience as a cognitive process that shapes the individuals consumption behavior and answers the need for psychological self-government and well-being (p.1). An analysis of literature leads Doorn (2006) to cite Turners Literary Mind which explains that top understand the mind, one must dwell on the body and the primitive underpinnings of the mind (Doorn 2006, p. 2). Turner gives importance to the story or narrative imaging as the main component of thought, crucial for planning, evaluating, explaining, for recalling the past and imaging the in store(predicate) (Turner 199 6, p. 4-5). Turner reveals that the human mind engages in experiences by creating narratives to explain even the simplest of acts (p.13). This follows with Cognitive Science Theories that state that experiences are absorbed by the senses and processed by the mind. Doorn (2006) also explores the concept of ambient narratives wherein individuals are immersed in an interactive experience created from a mixture of virtual and real world concepts which they can change according to their own experiences. Doorns (2006) analysis of experience economy is such a departure from the usual studies on the topic.His paper reveals the connection between economics, psychology and literature by dispelling normal academic notions of experience economy as rooted in the delivery of personalized and highly specialized products and services. He posits that the melding of literature and performance with business and technology can actually lead to a much more interactive and effective experiential economy. However, Doorns (2006) analysis only reveals these connections and yet ends up with more questions regarding the creation of a kelvin unification theory (p. 10) that will answer and describe the cognitive processes of experience economy.Impacts of Experience Most studies undertaken under experience economy seeks to measure the experience, overlooking the impact of experience economy on the nightclub in general and its effects on tourism. Joanie Willet answers this dearth of literature in her study entitled Cornwalls Experience of the Experience Economy Longitudinal impacts (2009). The paper will investigate the impact of experience economy on a selected area by evaluating socio-economic changes which have resulted from regional experience strategies and the impact of experience economy discourses on the area.Cornwall, England will be the case study of regional economies that really heavily on tourism. The paper is guided by the following objectives Review the Key Tenets of the E xperience Economy according to Gilmore and Pine (1999) Discuss experience economy with regards to Cornwall Trace socio-economic changes in Cornwall brought about by experience economy Findings of the study reveal that underneath Cornwalls image as a wealthy tourism destination is a society plagued by severe inequalities and deprivation (p. 10).Government efforts to create an idealized English setting to promote tourism has constrained the economic opportunities in Cornwall. Willet (2009) reveals that efforts to create a unique English experience for tourists have led to sociological impacts harmful on the Cornish locals. However, Willet (2009) discovers that Gilmore and Pine (1999) provides a provision wherein the personalization of guests experiences require locals to adopt advanced skills and educational assessments which will balance out the detrimental effects of the experiential economy.Willets (2009) study provides a holistic picture on the neat sociological impacts of the rise of experience economies. This study revealed that the ideals of Gilmore and Pines (1999) of customized services and unique services does not necessarily lead to the development of both the consumer and producer. However, the study would have yielded deeper empirical evidence by employing research methods a such as surveys with both tourists and locales ad interviews with the key players in the Cornwall micro-economy. But overall, Willets study is a cautionary tale that reveals the two-sides of economic ideas.Lise Lycks lecture on Experience Economy as an Instrument to Create Economic Profitability presents the other side of Willets study. Employing case study to describe the hotel economic landscape of Copenhagen and analysis on three frontrunner hotels in Copenhagen, the investigation sought to answer two primary objectives Shall hotels invest in experience economy? and How do risk and business cycle development influence decision-making and profitability? The methods revea led that with the construction of the Oresund Bridge brought a large influx of clients in accommodations for Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmo, Sweden.This led to an expansion in the number of hotels in the Oresund region, totaling to 196 hotels with 19,036 rooms in total. This economic expansion has led to hotels banking on a delivery of unique accommodations through the employment of experience economy. The case study focused on three hotels in particular Hotel Fox (formerly Old Park Hotel), Hotel Skt,. Petri and Guldsmeden Hotel. The utilization of unique marketing techniques, innovations in core values and hotel concepts and the focus on consumer behavior have indeed turned the hotels adoption of the experience economy into profits and the establishment of new and better images.The case study also revealed that there was a dependency to business cycle development, which guided the creation of a framework that was specifically catered to the enthronement in hotels. This model, when applied to the case studies, rendered useful decision-making insights in the context of experience economy investment projects. This study presents another framework that is useful in the application of experience economy in real world situations.The study was able to demonstrate that through innovative industry practices and a full commission to the delivery of unique experiences can indeed yield profits especially for service sectors such as hotel chains. Once again, this study blurs the distinction between the delivery of service and experience. Is is however evident that in the context of hotels, the delivery services are much more effective and appreciated when packaged as an experiential product. Research Proposal The review of related literature revealed the different aspects in which the economics of experience have been investigated.The manner in which experience economy was investigated mirrored an outward spiral model in which proto(prenominal) studies focused on the de scription, distinction and investigation of the experience itself. Studies that focused on these were able to reveal the importance of consumer behavior in influencing the type of experience to be delivered. Most early studies also sought to prove or disprove the initial principles posited by Gilmore and Pine in their assertion of the experience as a separate genre of economic output (Gilmore and Pine, introduction) distinct from services as services are from goods (p. 2).However, recent studies on the topic have led to a widening of horizons, and stepping out from the core of the spiral model of experiential economic research. These studies, such as Willet and Lyke, explore the socio-economic impacts of the real world implementation of experience economy. These studies have revealed the positive and negative impacts on businesses and communities, both cautioning and encouraging economic policy-makers and decision-makers. Useful data culled from the review of related experience econ omy literature for the research proposal would be the tourism experience measure of Oh et.al. (2007) discussed and adapted by Hosany and Witham (2009) in their own investigation of cruisers experiences. The study can utilize and adapt this dent in measuring tourist behavior and satisfaction towards Thai indigenous tourism products. Although Arthurs study is merely a proposal, its ideas on the local implementation of experience economy and its framework for competitive advantage can be applied on the case study of the Four Seasons hotel and the Rose Garden Hotel.The many case studies presented in the review of related literature can provide a useful guide for analyzing the economic viability of experience economy in the context of Thai tourism. Especially of value is the last case study of hotels in Copenhagen which provided a framework and guidelines in the implementation of investment projects based on experience economy. The research proposal can then prove or disprove the valid ity of the framework by applying it to experience economy investment projects in the context of Asian countries. References Taylor, John. (2007). Economics. Boston, MA Houghton Mifflin Company. Mokyr, Joel (ed. ). (1989). The Economics of Industrial Revolution. Lanham, MD Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Pride, William, Hughes, Robert and Kapoor, Joey. (2010). Business. Mason, OH Cengage Learning. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000). The Service Economy. Science Technology Industry. OECD. Gilmore, Jim and Pine, Joe. (1999). The Experience Economy Work is orbit and every Business is a Stage. Aurora, OH Strategic Horizons LLP. Grove, Andrew. (1996). Keynote Speech Comdex computer show. November 18, 1996.